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This work shows the synthesis and characterization of graphite-like materials produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, obtained from industrial waste. The product has shown interesting electrochemical characteristics for application in the formation of a composite material with polyaniline, creating a perspective of application in a so-called “waste” helping to avoid environmental issues associated with this industrial disposal. The raw pyrolyzed material was further separated into nanosized structures by applying high-potency ultrasonic radiation, which was used in the modification of flexible electrodes of polyaniline, resulting in a composite material. Thermogravimetric analysis, electrochemical experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electronic microscopy were used for the characterization of the material itself and the composite electrode. The interaction between the modified graphite-like materials and polyaniline produced a high superficial area electrode, in a one-step synthesis. Such composite material favors the intrinsic conductivity of the conducting polymer, which was confirmed by the enhancement of its electrochemical and interfacial properties even in milder electrolytes, generating good perspectives for other electrochemical applications. These results demonstrate the potential of developing this composite material in energy storage electrodes.

Electrochemical sensors present a wide range of interesting applications in the areas of environmental, industrial, and chemical analysis. This review presents an overview of two types of sensors: electrocatalytic ones, which involve oxidation and reduction reactions through electron transfer, and photoelectrocatalytic ones, which involve a current response due to the incidence of light and redox reactions. Another point discussed was how these sensors’ detection capacity and behavior can be affected by several factors related to the material used to make the electrode. In this way, inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials were compared in electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic sensors. The use of inorganic materials is interesting due to the fact of their abundance, low cost, and good electroactivity. Among organics, conductive polymers and carbonaceous materials are often cited due to the fact of their conductivity and their different possibilities for synthesis, being possible to mold their shape. Finally, hybrid materials unite these two classes, presenting different properties not found in a single substance.

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A formação inicial de professores é um processo que deve garantir uma preparação de qualidade para garantir que estes profissionais estejam aptos a encarar os desafios recorrentes à docência. Nessa perspectiva, a formação restrita apenas aos cursos de licenciatura e os curtos estágios para prática docente nem sempre são suficientes para preparação adequada. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário recorrer à alternativas para complementação da formação e prática. Como alternativa apresentam-se os projetos de extensão, que possibilitam aos acadêmicos o desenvolvimento de habilidades que vinculam o ensino e a pesquisa com a prática através do contato direto com outros setores da sociedade. Este trabalho apresenta a reflexão sobre as experiências de acadêmicos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e Quí­mica, da Universidade Estadual do Paraná – UNESPAR campus União da Vitória, participantes do projeto de extensão "Clube de Ciências UNESPAR" no perí­odo de fevereiro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. O objetivo do projeto foi aproximar os alunos das escolas públicas do municí­pio e região do ambiente universitário promovendo a democratização do conhecimento. Além disso, oportunizar aos acadêmicos a complementação da prática docente através da elaboração e promoção das oficinas com os alunos participantes, promovendo o protagonismo estudantil e o desenvolvimento de habilidades como liderança, segurança, facilidade de trabalho em grupo, criatividade e dinamismo.

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