Electrochemical cell for measuring the activity of oxygen in sodium

Kozlov, F. A.; Kuznetsov, E.K.; Vorob'eva, T. A.; Ul'mann, Kh.; Reetts, T.; Rikhter, V.

doi:10.1007/bf01139079

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The electrolyte materials were generally based doped ThO2 or ZrO2, with metal/metal oxide or gas acting as reference electrode [7]. As instance, recent researches were conducted on Ca-doped [8] and Y-doped [9] zirconia because of the easier availability of the materials, but the best results were obtained with ThO2-based solid solutions [2,3,[5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The majority of the probes produced up to now were designed in 1970's and 1980's, with some of them being tested in reactors [15,17] and made commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if lifetimes up to 10 000 hours were reported [11,13] the probes generally suffered from their lack of robustness and reliability. Particularly, an important sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stress was observed and linked to a weakening of the probe both at the brazure level and within the ceramic electrolyte itself [14,16]. Also, several authors underlined the crucial effect of the electrolyte purity over the probe performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Gabard

Cherkaski

Clavier

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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The preparation of Th1-xYxO2-x/2 ceramics, to be used as electrolyte in oxygen sensors for sodium-cooled nuclear reactors, was successfully undertaken from oxalate precursors. Such method was found to provide quantitative precipitation of the cations into Th1-xYx(C2O4)2.2H2O solid solutions up to x = 0.15 while a polyphase system was obtained for x = 0.22. The corresponding oxides were obtained through heat treatment in air at 500°C and characterized by the means of PXRD, SEM and statistical X-EDS measurements. The conditions for the densification of Th1-xYxO2-x/2 ceramics were further determined by dilatometry (T = 1575°C, t = 8 hours) resulting in densification rates up to 99%. Finally, a first estimation of the electric properties of the solids was undertaken by impedance spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity was found to increase linearly with the incorporation of Y 3+ content while the associated values of activation energy decreased, with a minimum value of 1.1 eV for Th0.85Y0.15O1.925.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Gabard

Cherkaski

Clavier

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Under these circumstances the ionic transference number, t i , which represents the ionic contribution to the total conductivity, is unity. 3,45 The ionic transference number at fixed oxygen partial pressure and temperature can be defined as follow: 26 t i = E measurement E theor y , [16] where t i is the ionic transference number, E measurement is the emf measured from the experiment, and E theor y is the theoretical emf from thermodynamics.…”

Section: Table II Results Of the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (Eds)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Emf in Liquid Sodium Using a Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Solid Electrolyte

Shin

Lee

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Improvement in the efficiency of solid electrolytes requires the use of low electrolyte operating temperatures even though the ionic conductivity of electrolytes generally decreases at low temperatures. In this study, we propose the use of gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) that has relatively high conductivity even at low temperature (200 • C) as a solid electrolyte for potential application in liquid sodium, and we investigate its thermochemical stability in the liquid sodium environment. The results of microstructural analyses, thermochemical stability tests, and total conductivity measurements in liquid sodium at 200 • C are discussed. Potentiometric cell with gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) as a solid electrolyte and a In/In 2 O 3 reference electrode were also tested in oxygen saturated liquid sodium environment in order to measure the emf. The emf in sodium environment is compared with theoretical data. The emf values measured in this study show a narrow range at low temperatures; however, the emf rapidly decreases with increasing temperature. The reason is caused by the mixed ionic electronic conductivity of GDC in oxygen-saturated sodium environment.

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Determination of carbon in solidified sodium coolant using new ICP-OES methods

Vaculovič

Otruba

Matal³

et al. 2011

Chemical Papers

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New methods for the determination of carbon in sodium using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) and ICP-OES with pneumatic nebulisation (PN-ICP-OES) were developed. The determination was required for the study of the carbon dioxide reaction with molten sodium at high temperatures (300–600°C). After exposition to CO2, the solidified sodium sample was subjected to direct solid analysis by LA-ICP-OES and to solution analysis. For the determination of carbon in the sodium sample surface layer by LA-ICP-OES, three different matrices containing sodium were tested (NaCl, NaF, and Na2B4O7 · 10H2O) as calibration pellets. The calibration dependences were improved using sodium as the internal standard. Average carbon content in the sodium bulk sample was determined by PN-ICP-OES after the sample dissolution by water vapour.

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Electrochemical cell for measuring the activity of oxygen in sodium

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Measurement of Emf in Liquid Sodium Using a Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Solid Electrolyte

Determination of carbon in solidified sodium coolant using new ICP-OES methods

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