Electrochemical Biosensors Employing Natural and Artificial Heme Peroxidases on Semiconductors

Abstract

<jats:p>Heme peroxidases are widely used as biological recognition elements in electrochemical biosensors for hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds. Various nature-derived and fully synthetic heme peroxidase mimics have been designed and their potential for replacing the natural enzymes in biosensors has been investigated. The use of semiconducting materials as transducers can thereby offer new opportunities with respect to catalyst immobilization, reaction stimulation, or read-out. This review focuses on approaches for the construction of electrochemical biosensors employing natural heme peroxidases as well as various mimics immobilized on semiconducting electrode surfaces. It will outline important advances made so far as well as the novel applications resulting thereof.</jats:p>

Hollow spheres of iron oxide as an “enzyme-mimic”: preparation, characterization and application as biosensors

“…24,25 Peroxidase/peroxidase-mimic based H 2 O 2 sensors have also been developed and studied. 26,27 For example, an assay based on the oxidation of a chromogenic substrate using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H 2 O 2 mixture is developed and the reaction sequence is usually evaluated by optical spectroscopy. Many different chromogenic substrates such as 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ortho phenylenediamine (OPD), di-azo-aminobenzene (DAB) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were used in these techniques.…”

Nanozymes with reductase-like activities: antioxidant properties and electrochemical behavior

“…They have wide potential practical applications as catalysts in biosensors, fuel-cell technology, environmental biotechnology, and medicine. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It has been shown that AEs mimic the activity of peroxidases, 5,[13][14][15] oxidases, 5,16 superoxide dismutases, 5,17 and hydrolases, 5,18 although only limited data were reported regarding reductase mimetics. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Natural reductases are the enzymes which belong to the E.C.…”

Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles Coupled with Porous Gold

“…NZs possess increased stability and greater availability due to their simpler preparation technologies. Most reported NZs are mainly mimetics of oxidoreductases, including peroxidase (PO) [7][8][9].…”

“…The main peculiarities of PO-like NZs as catalysts are that they have high stability, sensitivity, and selectivity to H 2 O 2 in extra-wide linear ranges. PO-like NZs coupled with natural oxidases are widely used in amperometric oxidase-based biosensors (ABSs) [1][2][3][7][8][9][10].…”