Fast technological progress has sped up the growth of
telemedicine,
mobile e-health services, and healthcare monitoring, which, nowadays,
are technologies in high demand in the medical field and analytical
sensing. Biosensing device design has promoted forefront research
topics wherein new sensing technologies have been developed. In this
regard, nanomaterials have had a crucial role wherein novel biosensors
based on nanomaterials have emerged as detective tools for several
biomolecules. Most biosensors are remarkably sensitive and selective
to detect cancer biomarkers, toxins in foods, drugs, pathogenic microorganisms,
cholesterol, pesticides, nucleic acids, glucose, heavy-metal contaminations,
and other bioanalytes under different platforms at extraordinarily
low concentrations (nanomolar, picomolar, or femtomolar). A comprehensive
review of nanomaterials used for healthcare biosensing is offered
herein. Specifically, this review offers a new point of view, highlighting
and covering exhaustively several kinds of nanomaterials (<500
nm) to detect human diseases through biosensing. In this sense, we
organize them into organic, inorganic, and carbon-based, thus offering
a guide to selecting the best nanomaterial for specific detection.
Further, it provides a roadmap to the real-time utilization of nanomaterials
at a commercial scale. Also, this review addresses some crucial aspects
of nanomaterials use and applications for healthcare biosensing. The
progress discussed in this paper highlights the immense potential
to implement the use of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in the initial
examination of diseases and point-of-care testing.