Electrocardiographic Features and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Apparently Healthy Dairy Cows

Motomura, Noboru; Nakamura, Takashi; Kiryu, Keiji; Kagota, Katsumoto

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1993.tb00622.x

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cardiac dysrhythmias in clinically healthy animals as well as animals with various organ problems, particularly gastrointestinal problems have been reported [10]. The values obtained in this study were well within the normal range [4,11].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Analysis of Base Apex Lead Electrocardiograms of Adult Buffaloes

Venkatasivakumar

et al. 2015

JDVAR

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Research Articlealso useful as prognostic indicator in large animal medicine, and it provides a record of the varying potential difference that occurs over the surface of the body as the result of electrical activity within the heart. In large animals, including buffaloes, a base apex lead has been shown to be an ideal lead system for monitoring cardiac arrhythmias [2]. Recently normal ECG study parameters in adult goats were recorded in Andhra Pradesh [3]. Literature on normal values of different ECG parameters in buffaloes was scarce so, a preliminary study was undertaken on buffaloes using the Base-Apex ECG lead system in Proddatur of YSR Kadapa District in Andhra Pradesh state of India. Materials and MethodsPresent study was conducted in buffaloes (28) which are maintained in well dairy farm and cases presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, in Y.S.R. Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh, India. Buffaloes in this study were maintained occasional open grazing with green pasture, paddy straw and ad libitum water. All the buffaloes in this study were aged between 4 to 9 years and in lactation period and were clinically examined for soundness before the recordings described by Rosenberger [4]. Buffaloes were apparently healthy and normal at the time of study and all the vital signs were within the normal range and free from the cardiac and other systemic problems. Electrocardiographic parameters recorded in this study were on a bipolar base apex lead, using limb lead I as standard [5]. Same procedure was adopted previously to record the normal ECG parameters in sheep and goats [6,7]. All ECGs were recorded on a three channel electrocardiographic machine (Marks electronics, Chennai) with 25 mm/sec paper speed and calibrated 10 mm/ mV.The right arm electrode was attached to middle of the neck (Figure 1) and the left arm electrode is placed over the apex of the heart just behind the elbow (Figure 2) [5]. Buffaloes were kept in quiet surroundings at the time of recording. The electrodes were placed using alligator clips with a gel contact. In order to ensure good adherence to the skin, the skin was cleaned with alcohol prior to the application of the gel. The recordings were analyzed for the P wave, the QRS complex, the PR interval, the ST segment, the QT interval and the T wave. Heart rate was calculated according to the R-R interval in lead-1. All the data were analysed by using the SPSS software and expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SE) and range at confidence interval 95%. Correlation coefficient was calculated between the heart rate and QT interval. AbstractElectrocardiographic studies were carried out in healthy adult buffaloes in Proddatur of Andhra Pradesh state in India. The electrocardiograms were recorded in standard base apex lead system. Duration and amplitude of the P, QRS complex and T wave and the PR, RR intervals, ST segment and heart rate were measured and averaged from successive beats. Mean heart rate was 61.175±0.8262 bpm. Mean amplitudes of the P, R and T waves was 0.186±0...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Analysis of Base Apex Lead Electrocardiograms of Adult Buffaloes

Venkatasivakumar

et al. 2015

JDVAR

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“…CRF is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress (Smith & Dobson, 2002). CRF acts in the central nervous system to stimulate sympathetic noradrenergic outflow to the heart and inhibits cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity, resulting in increased heart rate (Fisher, 1989;Machida et al, 1993;Davis et al, 2002). The prevalence of sinus arrhythmia was insignificant between different periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serial evaluation of electrocardiographic indices and cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy, lactation and dry periods in Saanen goats

Samimi¹,

Tajik²,

Aghamiri³

et al. 2018

BJVM

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SummarySamimi, A. S., J. Tajik, S. M. Aghamiri & A. Karimi, 2018. A serial evaluation of electrocardiographic indices and cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy, lactation and dry periods in Saanen goats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 21, No 1,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lactation, pregnancy and dry period on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters and cardiac arrhythmias in the Saanen goat. A total of twenty female adult clinically healthy Saanen goats 3 years of age with a body condition score of 3.5 and average weight of 30.2±2.20 kg were randomly selected. The whole duration of the study (8 months) was divided into four periods including dry and non-pregnant (P 1 ), 2 months pregnant (P 2 ), 4 months pregnant (P 3 ), and lactating (P 4 ) periods. In late pregnancy and lactation periods, the amplitudes of P, QRS and T waves were significantly higher compared to other periods (P<0.01). P-R, Q-T and R-R intervals in late pregnancy were significantly shorter and heart rate was significantly higher than those in other periods. Sinus arrhythmias were the only irregularity observed on the ECG traces and were diagnosed in 30%, 15%, 20% and 35.25% of the goats in P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 , respectively. There were no significant difference in configuration of ECG waves and cardiac arrhythmias among different periods. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that although no cardiac morphological changes have been reported in goats during the lactation, late pregnancy and dry periods, significant changes in ECG parameters were observed in base-apex lead in Saanen goats during late pregnancy and lactation periods. The physiological cardiac arrhythmias and variations in ECG parameters observed during different periods in the current study can be used as a base to achieve more accurate diagnoses of heart diseases using ECG.

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“…Supraventricular ectopic beats are frequent in older bovines, mainly in dairy cows, and are related to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation [1]. This type of arrhythmia is usually caused by increased vagal tone, stress related to hormones, ectopic atrial focus, and volume overload associated with peak lactation [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinus arrhythmia was diagnosed when consecutive RR intervals differed by more than 10% in their length. Statistical analysis was made using Graph Pad Instat software 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holter Monitoring (24-h Electrocardiography) of Holstein Calves

Pessoa

Batista

Santos

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Twenty-four h electrocardiographic monitoring is a noninvasive method of assessing cardiac rhythm. Holter monitoring in farm animals can help assessing heart rate variability and its relationship with stress and production. Several authors have reviewed the normal cardiac rhythm of bovines, but there is little information on heart rhythm in calves. The goal of this research is to elucidate which cardiac rhythms may be considered physiological in Holstein calves, from 3 to 6 months old. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four h ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter monitoring) was performed in 10 male Holstein calves, with ages ranging from 3 to 6 months old. The animals came from private farms in São Paulo state and were housed in a semi-open stall during the study. The animals had their hair clipped from the third to the fifth intercostal spaces on both sides of the chest, from the sternal region to the glenohumeral joint, and seven electrodes were positioned in a diagonal configuration. Decoding of the recordings was performed using specialized software and in order to minimize digital mistakes, all of the beats marked as ectopic by the software were manually revised by the authors. Mean heart rate was 83.2 ± 11.06 beats per min (bpm), maximum heart rate was 147.1 ± 11.05 bpm, and minimum heart rate was 53.7 ± 7.45 bpm. In 90% of the calves, normal sinus rhythm was predominant, whereas in 10%, sinus arrhythmia (SA) was prevalent. Second degree atrioventricular blocks (AV blocks) were observed in 30% of the animals and supraventricular premature beats (SPB) were detected in 50%. Holter monitoring was repeated after three months in three of the animals; two showed no arrhythmias at the second exam, and in the other, the frequency of AV blocks was decreased by 88.64%. Discussion: In the present study, the authors observed a relatively high incidence of arrhythmias in Holstein calves, although there is little information available in the literature for comparison. The use of Holter monitoring is much more sensitive in the assessment of arrhythmias than a standard electrocardiogram, since it records the cardiac rhythm for 24 to 48 h, as opposed to only 2 to 3 min. Therefore, it is possible that the arrhythmias found in the calves in the current study were physiological events otherwise unidentified by conventional electrocardiogram. The AV blocks observed in the animals of the present study were intermittent and apparently non-related to any particular event or situation, so it was not possible to demonstrate whether they disappeared after exercise. As for the supraventricular ectopic beats, they are frequent in older bovines, mainly in dairy cows, and are usually related to increased vagal tone, stress, hormonal changes, ectopic atrial focus, and peak lactation volume overload. The animals used in the present study were otherwise healthy, and did not demonstrate any clinical signs of gastrointestinal dysfunction or other disease that might have justified an increase in their vagal tone. In a...

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Electrocardiographic Features and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Apparently Healthy Dairy Cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of Base Apex Lead Electrocardiograms of Adult Buffaloes

Analysis of Base Apex Lead Electrocardiograms of Adult Buffaloes

A serial evaluation of electrocardiographic indices and cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy, lactation and dry periods in Saanen goats

Holter Monitoring (24-h Electrocardiography) of Holstein Calves

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