Electrocardiogram reference intervals for clinically normal wild-born chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Atencia, Rebeca; Revuelta, Luis; Somauroo, John; Shave, Rob

doi:10.2460/ajvr.76.8.688

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, P-wave axis and morphology were not strongly related to atrial areas in the present cohort. It has been reported 24 that chimpanzees have small P-wave amplitudes, compared with other ECG waveforms, and this could have explained the weaker correlation between P-wave amplitude and atrial areas in the present study. The cause of small P waves in chimpanzees is unknown but may reflect a different diastolic filling pattern in chimpanzees.…”

Section: Figure 1 Continues On the Next Pagecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…ECGs-Chimpanzees were positioned in supine recumbency for the 12-lead ECG (with leads I, II, III, aVL, aVF, aVR, 5 , and V 6 ). Following skin preparation with an alcohol wipe, ECG lead electrodes were placed as previously described 24 and in line with human protocols. 25 The ECGs were recorded with commercially available machines a,b set at a paper speed of 25 mm/s and a gain of 10 mm/mV and were later analyzed by an experienced cardiac physiologist (ALD).…”

Section: Health and Cardiac Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voltage amplitudes of P, R, S, and Q waves and positive and negative deflections of ST segments and T waves were also measured in limb leads and precordial leads. In addition, the Sokolow-Lyon criteria values were calculated 44 as potential indicators of LVH, 24 with the sum of the voltage amplitudes of the S wave in V 1 and the R wave in V 5 for the SLV15, and with the sum of the voltage amplitudes of the S wave in V 2 and the R wave in V 5 for the SLV25.…”

Section: Health and Cardiac Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most (314/341 [92.1%]) chimpanzees did not have overt cardiac remodeling, echocardiography revealed abnormal cardiac morphology, including suspected LVH (n = 15), dilated LV (6), and dilated atria (9). Of note, 1 chimpanzee had extreme LVH (MLVWT, 1.62 cm; reference range, 0.55 to 1.1 cm 23 ) on echocardiography and an SLV25 of 5.5 mV (reference range, 1.7 to 5.8 mV 24 ).…”

Section: Cardiac Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of relationships between results of electrocardiography and echocardiography in 341 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Drane

Atencia

Cooper

et al. 2020

ajvr

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OBJECTIVETo examine potential relationships between ECG characteristics and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). ANIMALS341 chimpanzees (175 males and 166 females) from 5 sanctuaries and 2 zoological collections. PROCEDURESChimpanzees were anesthetized for routine health examinations between May 2011 and July 2017 as part of the International Primate Heart Project and, during the same anesthetic events, underwent 12-lead ECG and transthoracic echocardiographic assessments. Relationships between results for ECG and those for echocardiographic measures of atrial areas, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd), and mean left ventricular wall thicknesses (MLVWT) were assessed with correlational analysis, then multiple linear regression analyses were used to create hierarchical models to predict cardiac structure from ECG findings. RESULTSFindings indicated correlations (r = -0.231 to 0.310) between results for ECG variables and echocardiographic measures. The duration and amplitude of P waves in lead II had the strongest correlations with atrial areas. The Sokolow-Lyon criteria, QRS-complex duration, and R-wave amplitude in leads V 6 and II had the strongest correlations with MLVWT, whereas the Sokolow-Lyon criteria, QRS-complex duration, and S-wave amplitude in leads V 2 and V 1 had the strongest correlations with LVIDd. However, the ECG predictive models that were generated only accounted for 17%, 7%, 11%, and 8% of the variance in the right atrial end-systolic area, left atrial end-systolic area, MLVWT, and LVIDd, respectively.

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Section: Figure 1 Continues On the Next Pagecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Health and Cardiac Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health and Cardiac Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiac Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of relationships between results of electrocardiography and echocardiography in 341 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Drane

Atencia

Cooper

et al. 2020

ajvr

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“…A wide range of clinical conditions specific to primates have thus been studied in sanctuary settings. Cardiac function [198] and disease [199,200] have been investigated in both chimpanzees and bonobos, as well as improvements to cardiac monitoring [201] and heart rate responses to anaesthetic protocols [202]. At Kumamoto, clinical cases of maxillary sarcoma [203], leprosy [204] and Down syndrome [205] have all been reported in chimpanzees, while researchers have also investigated a non-invasive test for tuberculosis in PASA sanctuaries [206].…”

Section: (C) Veterinary Genetic and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of research in primate sanctuaries

Ross

Leinwand

2020

Biol. Lett.

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While non-human primate studies have long been conducted in laboratories, and more recently at zoological parks, sanctuaries are increasingly considered a viable setting for research. Accredited sanctuaries in non-range countries house thousands of primates formerly used as subjects of medical research, trained performers or personal pets. In range countries, however, sanctuaries typically house orphaned primates confiscated from illegal poaching and the bushmeat and pet trafficking trades. Although the primary mission of these sanctuaries is to rescue and rehabilitate residents, many of these organizations are increasingly willing to participate in non-invasive research. Notably, from a scientific standpoint, most sanctuaries provide potential advantages over traditional settings, such as large, naturalistic physical and social environments which may result in more relevant models of primates' free-ranging wild counterparts than other captive settings. As a result, an impressive scope of research in the fields of primate behaviour, cognition, veterinary science, genetics and physiology have been studied in sanctuaries. In this review, we examine the range and form of research that has been conducted at accredited sanctuaries around the world. We also describe the potential challenges of sanctuary-based work and the considerations that external researchers may face when deciding to collaborate with primate sanctuaries on their research projects.

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