Evaluation of relationships between results of electrocardiography and echocardiography in 341 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Drane, Aimee L.; Atencia, Rebeca; Cooper, Stephen‐Mark; Feltrer, Yedra; Calvi, Thalita; Strike, Taina; Palmer, Christopher; Simcox, Sarah; Rodríguez, Pablo Domínguez; Sánchez, Carlos R.; Bolhuis, Hester van; Peck, Bruce; Eng, Jaclyn; Moittié, Sophie; Unwin, Steve; Howatson, Glyn; Oxborough, David; Stembridge, Mike; Shave, Rob

doi:10.2460/ajvr.81.6.488

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The heart rates estimated for chimpanzees through millimeter‐wave radar measurements in this study (Experiment 1: 1.41 Hz; Experiment 2: 2.02 Hz) did not significantly deviate from previous reports (0.68–1.68 Hz; Drane et al, 2020) or actual contact‐type measurements. This indicates that millimeter‐wave radar measurements can accurately estimate heart rate.…”

Section: Examplecontrasting

confidence: 54%

First noncontact millimeter‐wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Matsumoto,

Iwata,

Sakamoto

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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Heart rate is a crucial vital sign and a valuable indicator for assessing the physical and psychological condition of a target animal. Heart rate contributes to (1) fundamental information for cognitive research, (2) an indicator of psychological and physical stress, and (3) improving the animal welfare of captive animals, especially in nonhuman primate studies. Heart rate has been measured using a contact‐type device; however, the device burdens the target animals and that there are risks associated with anesthesia during installation. This study explores the application of heartbeat measurement techniques using millimeter‐wave radar, primarily developed for humans, as a remote and noninvasive method for measuring the heart rate of nonhuman primates. Through a measurement test conducted on two chimpanzees, we observed a remarkable correspondence between the peak frequency spectrum of heart rate estimated using millimeter‐wave radar and the mean value obtained from electrocardiograph data, thereby validating the accuracy of the method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the precise measurement of great apes' heart rate using millimeter‐wave radar technology. Compared to heart rate measurement using video analysis, the method using millimeter‐wave radar has the advantage that it is less susceptible to weather and lighting conditions and that measurement techniques for multiple individuals have been developed for human subjects, while its disadvantage is that validation of measurement from long distances has not been completed. Another disadvantage common to both methods is that measurement becomes difficult when the movement of the target individual is large. The possibility of noncontact measurement of heart rate in wild and captive primates will undoubtedly open up a new research area while taking animal welfare into consideration.

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Section: Examplecontrasting

confidence: 54%

First noncontact millimeter‐wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Matsumoto,

Iwata,

Sakamoto

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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“…Nine bonobos underwent echocardiographic assessment (Table 3). Due to limited published data in bonobos, the measurements obtained were assessed in accordance with the published values for chimpanzees 17 . MAC multiples at the commencement of echocardiography were not significantly different for obtaining LVEF%, LVEDV or LVESV, but this should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size ( n = 9) (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane and medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam in 12 bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Bucknell¹,

Dobbs²,

Martin³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Record

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Background Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of mortality in captive great apes. However, data from bonobos are lacking due to a paucity of collections in Europe. Comprehensive preventive screening is required to understand the aetiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, but the provision of a stable and predictable anaesthetic protocol with minimal cardiovascular effects is challenging. Methods This prospective, observational case series reports anaesthesia of 12 bonobos using hand‐injected medetomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam followed by maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. Comprehensive clinical examinations, including arterial blood gases and echocardiography were undertaken. Results Induction of anaesthesia with hand injection was successful in all but one individual. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis were documented. Hypochloraemia may have contributed to non‐respiratory alkalosis in one individual. Ten bonobos experienced hypotension and required haemodynamic support. Both N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide and troponin I cardiac biomarkers correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (percentage). Recovery was smooth, rapid and uneventful in all animals. Limitations The effects of the anaesthetic must be considered during echocardiographical interpretation. Conclusions The anaesthesia protocol provided a safe, predictable induction and recovery, facilitating diagnostics (including echocardiography) and minor surgical procedures. Comprehensive monitoring, including invasive blood pressure monitoring and haemodynamic support, is highly recommended.

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“…In the ECG waveform, the P wave is the depolarization wave of the left and right atria, and the QRS wave is the depolarization wave of the left and right ventricles [18]. Through the analysis of the waveform, we could judge the changes of depolarization potential and time in various parts of the heart, which would be helpful to diagnose and prevent arrhythmia in time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Expression of Connexin43 in Cardiac Injury Induced by S-Band and X-Band Microwave Exposure in Rats

Yin

Gao

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Although the effects of microwave exposure on the heart have gradually become the focus of domestic and foreign scholars, the biological effects caused by different doses and different frequency bands of exposure are still unclear. In this study, we will investigate the damaging effect of S-band and X-band microwave composite exposure on cardiac structure and function, as well as the pathophysiological significance of Cx43 in cardiac conduction dysfunction after exposure. We used S- and X-band radiation sources with the average power density of 5 and 10 mW/cm2 to expose Wistar rats to single or composite exposure. At the 6th hour, on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days after exposure, ECG was used to detect the electrical conduction of the heart, and the myocardial enzyme was measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer. We selected the observation time points and groups with severe damage to observe the changes of myocardial structure and ultrastructure with an optical microscope and TEM; and to detect the expression and distribution of Cx43 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. After exposure, the heart rate increased, the P wave amplitude decreased, and the R wave amplitude increased; the content of the myocardial enzyme in serum increased; the structure and ultrastructure of cardiac tissue were damaged. The damage was dose-dependent and frequency-dependent. The expression of Cx43 in myocardial tissue decreased, and distribution was abnormal. Taken together, these findings suggested that the mechanism of abnormal electrical conduction in the heart of rats by S- and X-band microwave exposure might be related to the decreased expression and disordered distribution of Cx43 after microwave exposure.

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Evaluation of relationships between results of electrocardiography and echocardiography in 341 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

First noncontact millimeter‐wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

First noncontact millimeter‐wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane and medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam in 12 bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Abnormal Expression of Connexin43 in Cardiac Injury Induced by S-Band and X-Band Microwave Exposure in Rats

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