Electroanalytical Methods Based on Hybrid Nanomaterials

Abstract

Hybrid nanomaterials, defined as intentional combination of at least one nanomaterial with one or more materials, at an atomic or nanometer‐level of mixture, complementing each other to have new or improved functions and properties which component materials do not possess, provide new possibilities for electroanalytical methods The relevant functional properties of nanomaterials can be tuned, in an unimaginable fashion, by rational combination with other materials. This fact opens an exciting door for sensor and biosensor technology, which is well supported by the advances in other areas such as surface science, organic and inorganic synthesis, polymer and biomolecular chemistry, and nanotechnology. This article provides a general sight state‐of‐the‐art on the use of nanosized hybrid materials as transduction, amplification, and labeling elements for the development of original electroanalytical methods, exemplifying with some of the most relevant research published in the last 5 years. The article is divided into two main sections: (i) electrochemical sensors based on hybrid nanomaterials of inorganic–organic, inorganic–inorganic, and organic–organic composition; (ii) electrochemical enzyme and affinity biosensors making use of hybrid nanostructures.

Electrochemical biosensors: rapid detection methods in wastewater-based epidemiology research

“…24 The surface modification of the working electrode, the biorecognition element and its immobilization technique on the working electrode and the sensing modes are the key factors determining the performance of electrochemical biosensors. 25 2.2. Signal amplification strategies 2.2.1.…”

Perspectivas y aplicaciones reales del grafeno después de 16 años de su descubrimiento

“…cercano con un transductor electroquímico [250]. Estos sensores exhiben una selectividad inherente y la especificidad del receptor biológico, combinados con la alta sensibilidad y el límite de detección bajo de los métodos de detección electroanalíticos.…”

Graphene–Cu Nanocomposites Induce Tolerance against Fusarium oxysporum, Increase Antioxidant Activity, and Decrease Stress in Tomato Plants

“…However, pure Cu-NPs tend to agglomerate, which prevents their antimicrobial action [ 23 ]. For this reason, the combination of these two materials at the atomic or nanometric level (Graphene–Cu) allows each of the materials to complement each other to have new and improved functions and properties that ensure a greater interrelation between the constituent materials [ 24 ]. The effect of nanomaterials as elicitors will depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the nanomaterials, concentrations, the biological species with which they interact, the form and route of application, and the biological surfaces where the interaction occurs [ 17 , 25 ].…”