“…Since the discovery of graphene in 2004 and particularly in recent years, the number of scientific publications and patents has significantly increased, especially in the last five years (Lee et al, 2019). In general, graphene has been widely studied and reported as a two-dimensional material with intriguing physicochemical properties, including high thermal and electrical conductivity, large surface area, optical transparency, and mechanical strength, among others (Farías, Flores, Rosales, Sáenz, & López, 2017;Urcuyo Solórzano, Cordero Solano, & Gonzalez Flores, 2021). It has even been reported that graphene's strength is 200 times higher than structural steel, with hardness exceeding that of diamond (García, 2013;Pingale, Owhal, Katarkar, Belgamwar, & Rathore, 2021), in addition to its superior thermal and electrical properties compared to copper.…”