Electroacupuncture Alleviates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Regulating Glycolipid-Related GLO/AGEs/RAGE Axis

Abstract

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and affects over one-third of all patients. Neuropathic pain and nerve dysfunction induced by DM is related to the increase of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) produced by reactive dicarbonyl compounds in a hyperglycemia environment. AGEs induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the main receptor (RAGE), which has been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to have a positive effect on paralgesia caused by various diseases, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used high-fat-fed low-dose streptozotocin-induced rats as a model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Persistent metabolic disorder led to mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, as well as intraepidermal nerve fiber density reduction and nerve demyelination. EA improved neurological hyperalgesia, decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the generation of AGEs and RAGE, and regulated the glyoxalase system in the EA group. Taken together, our study suggested that EA plays a role in the treatment of T2DM-induced DPN, and is probably related to the regulation of metabolism and the secondary influence on the GLO/AGE/RAGE axis.

Acupuntura como tratamento adjuvante da neuropatia diabética: revisão de literatura sistemática

“…A Eletroacupuntura demonstrou exercer efeitos anti-inflamatórios em várias complicações do diabetes, e em grande medida pode reduzir a dor em pacientes com diabetes. Wang, et al (2021) estabeleceram um modelo de diabetes tipo 2. Eles descobriram que a eletroacupuntura pode melhorar a hiperalgesia neural, reduzir as citocinas pró-inflamatórias e afetar o tratamento da DPN causada pelo diabetes tipo 2 (Yang, et al, 2022).…”

“…De acordo com Wang, et al (2021), o estudo realizado por eles, tiveram como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da eletroacupuntura como um tratamento adjuvante para alivio da neuropatia periférica diabética, o estudo foi realizado em ratos machos Sprague-Dawley com oito semanas de idade pesando aproximadamente de 200 a 220 gramas. Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos (controle, modelo e EA) e foram colocados em dieta básica nas duas primeiras semanas.…”

Electroacupuncture at Lower He-Sea and Front-Mu Acupoints Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Gut Barrier

“… 27 In this study, the efficacy of electroacupuncture performed at the lower he-sea and front-mu acupoints was similar to that of MET in terms of weight loss, hypoglycemia, and improvement of insulin resistance, suggesting that electroacupuncture performed at the lower he-sea and front-mu acupoints had a good ability to provide mechanical therapy for T2DM, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. 28 , 29 …”

“…27 In this study, the efficacy of electroacupuncture performed at the lower he-sea and front-mu acupoints was similar to that of MET in terms of weight loss, hypoglycemia, and improvement of insulin resistance, suggesting that electroacupuncture performed at the lower he-sea and front-mu acupoints had a good ability to provide mechanical therapy for T2DM, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. 28,29 The intestinal flora is located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, and it is indispensable for human growth and development, physiological processes and even disease states. The gut microbiota consists of approximately 500-1000 species of bacteria.…”

Effect of Physiotherapeutic Interventions on Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Literature

“…The doses reported ranged from 1 to 2 mA, fluctuating between 2 and 100 Hz, 1.05 to 2.85 milli seconds for 30 minutes. Most of the changes seem to occur in the dorsal horn [75][76][77][78][79][80] although changes in the nerve, 81,82 blood, 83 and DRG 84 were also reported. In contrast, four articles did not find changes in cytokine concentrations following electroacupuncture.…”