Electro-plating and characterisation of cadmium sulphide thin films using ammonium thiosulphate as the sulphur source

Abdul-Manaf, N. A.; Weerasinghe, A R; Echendu, O. K.; Dharmadasa, I. M.

doi:10.1007/s10854-015-2700-5

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is usually carried out in an aqueous electrolyte containing cadmium source and sulphur source. Cadmium source is usually an aqueous solution of CdCl 2 , and the sulphur source can be Na 2 S 2 O 3 [23,24], NH 4 S 2 O 3 [25] or NH 2 CSNH 2 [26,27]. Both 3-electrode and 2-electrode systems have been used to deposit CdS layers on glass/conducting glass (CG) substrates which is the starting base for development of the CdS/CdTe solar cell.…”

Section: Growth Of Cds By Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Columnar growth formation has many advantages but it also create a disadvantage such as possible formation of pinholes at the grain boundaries. Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) cell measurements show [23,25,27] n-type electrical conductivity for all electroplated CdS layers.…”

Section: Growth Of Cds By Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although CBD growth method seems to be a low-cost technique, this batch process produces large volumes of Cd-containing toxic waste solutions each time, adding high cost of manufacturing in a production line. Because of this reason, this research programme is focussing on electroplated CdS layers [23,[25][26][27]. All electro-deposited layers from a continuous process is more attractive in commercial production lines.…”

Section: Grain Boundary Enhanced Pv Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Dharmadasa

Ojo

2017

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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and high-temperature growth techniques. The wide bandgap (E g = 2.42 eV) window material, CdS was mainly grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and narrow bandgap (E g = 1.45 eV) absorber material, CdTe was grown by over 14 different methods [1]. High efficiencies were achieved by the combination of CdS with CdTe layers grown by high temperature growth methods such as closed space sublimation (CSS) or close spaced vapour transport (CSVT) for a long period. Depending on the growth technique, material growth mechanisms, micro-structure and impurity inclusions are going to vary. Although there are a large number of publications reporting material characterisation, deep understanding is required on material issues such as defects and doping concentrations.The next area needing deeper understanding is the postgrowth chemical and heat treatment. The devices fabricated using as-made CdTe materials show poor device performance in the range ~(0-6)% depending on the growth technique used. However, from 1976 [2], the researchers were aware of the drastic improvement of the device performance after heat treatment around 450 °C in air, in the presence of CdCl 2 . This was known as "CdCl 2 treatment" and device efficiencies improved to mid-teens achieving good solar cell performance. Although there were tremendous efforts to explore the complexity of changes during this treatment, full understanding has not yet been achieved.The third main area of complexity comes from the CdTe/electrical back contact formation. It is essential to clean the CdTe surface after CdCl 2 treatment, and researchers were using different chemicals to clean the surface prior to metallisation. Various electrical contacts have been used to complete the devices and varying results have been reported in the literature [3]. Initial high efficiency, reproducibility and yield, stability and lifetime are main features of fully fabricated devices to establish. Some of these Abstract Thin film solar cells based on CdS/CdTe hetero-structure has shown a drastic improvement changing from 16.5 to 22.1% efficiency during a short period of time from ~2013 to ~2016. This has happened in the industrial environment and the open research in this field has stagnated over a period of two decades prior to ~2013. Most of the issues of this hetero-structure were not clear to the photovoltaic (PV) community and research efforts should be directed to unravel its complex nature. Issues related to materials, post-growth treatment, chemical etching prior to metallisation and associated device physics are the main areas needing deeper understanding in order to further develop this device. After a comprehensive research programme in both academia and in industry on these materials, surfaces and interfaces and fully fabricated devices over a period of over three decades by the main author, the current knowledge as understood today, on all above mentioned complex issues are presented in this paper. Full understanding of this structure will enable PV developers to further improve the ...

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Section: Growth Of Cds By Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of Cds By Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grain Boundary Enhanced Pv Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Dharmadasa

Ojo

2017

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…Afterwards, the substrate was degreased using acetone and later rinsed in a flow of DI water before been transferred into the electrolytic bath. It should be noted that all the cathodic potentials utilised in this work have been pre-characterised, optimised and published [17], [18]. 800 ml deionised (DI) water was utilised.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bath was electro-purified for ~30 hours prior to the deposition of CdS. The CdS layer was deposited at an optimised cathodic potential of 1200 mV based on structural, optical, morphological, compositional and electrical property analysis [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the inclusion of galium in normal cadmium chloride treatment on electrical properties OF CdS/CdTe solar cell

Ojo

Olusola

Dharmadasa

2017

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Integration of supercapacitor with solar cell based on NiO ₂ and CdS nanopillars embedded in porous anodic alumina templates

Eminov

Тагиев

Aliyev

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary A photovoltaic solar cell (PVSC) is a type of power system that uses photovoltaic technology to convert the energy of solar light directly into electricity and is therefore capable of operating only when illuminated. Because the sun does not shine at all hours of the day in a given location, solar power is intermittent. Due to this intermittency, PVSCs are unable to provide electricity during the evening and night. For this reason, it is essential to hybridize the PVSCs with electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as capacitors, Li‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors (SC) in one single power unit. One of the most promising support systems for meeting the enormous and diverse power demand in contemporary civilization is sunlight‐powered energy conversion, which simultaneously achieves power conversion and energy storage. SCs can store huge amounts of energy and have a long service life. They also have a fast charge‐discharge time, excellent cyclic stability, and outstanding low‐temperature performance. They are one of the alternatives to traditional batteries for replacing them because of their qualities. Growing demand for green energy, miniaturization, and wearable mini‐electronic devices will result from the combination of PVSCs and SCs into a single hybrid device. This paper describes an integrated system with a NiO2 nanotubular supercapacitor serving as an energy storage device and a nanostructured PVSC operating as an energy conversion device based on CdTe/CdS heterojunctions. Here, a PVSC is disposed of on the light‐receiving front side of a single glass slide, both of which are covered with conductive indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) thin film and an AAO template with pores filled with a photosensitive (CdS/CdTe) material. The SC part of the device is located on its rear side. The main operations for the fabrication of the proposed device are listed. It was shown that the design features of the device allow combining and simultaneous execution of some similar fabrication operations, which would have to be carried out in the case of separate manufacture of the constituent elements of the device. To date, experimental studies on the practical implementation of the PV part of the device have been carried out. The preparation technique and structural, optical, and morphological properties of glass/ITO/AAO/CdS structures were investigated through XRD, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman, and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The materials were demonstrated to be quite suitable as raw materials for the production of solar cells.

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Electro-plating and characterisation of cadmium sulphide thin films using ammonium thiosulphate as the sulphur source

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Effect of the inclusion of galium in normal cadmium chloride treatment on electrical properties OF CdS/CdTe solar cell

Integration of supercapacitor with solar cell based on NiO ₂ and CdS nanopillars embedded in porous anodic alumina templates

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Electro-plating and characterisation of cadmium sulphide thin films using ammonium thiosulphate as the sulphur source

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Unravelling complex nature of CdS/CdTe based thin film solar cells

Effect of the inclusion of galium in normal cadmium chloride treatment on electrical properties OF CdS/CdTe solar cell

Integration of supercapacitor with solar cell based on NiO 2 and CdS nanopillars embedded in porous anodic alumina templates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Integration of supercapacitor with solar cell based on NiO ₂ and CdS nanopillars embedded in porous anodic alumina templates