Electro-oxidation: A win–win strategy for the selective recovery of Li+ from spent lithium-ion batteries and the preparation of highly active catalysts

Revealing Lithium Configuration in Aged Layered Oxides for Effective Regeneration

“…As shown in Figure e,f, the C 1 s and O 1 s spectra of both regenerated and pristine cathodes show similar intensity profiles, while varying considerably of the cycled material. There is an additional peak of CH 2 –CF 2 (290.9 eV) for PVDF on the degraded electrode. , The O 1 s spectrum of the degraded NCM shows a peak of O–CO (533.5 eV) and a high-intensity peak at 529.6 eV, indicating the surface degradation of NCM particles . The XPS spectra of Co 2 p and Mn 2 p (Figure S2) are analogous for all three samples, verifying the trivalent oxidation state of Co 3+ and Mn 4+ on the particle surface. , This is reasonable given that only Ni is expected to be oxidized at low lithium deficiency due to its lower redox potential.…”

“…26,27 The O 1s spectrum of the degraded NCM shows a peak of O−C�O (533.5 eV) and a high-intensity peak at 529.6 eV, indicating the surface degradation of NCM particles. 28 The XPS spectra of Co 2p and Mn 2p (Figure S2) are analogous for all three samples, verifying the trivalent oxidation state of Co 3+ and Mn 4+ on the particle surface. 10,29 This is reasonable given that only Ni is expected to be oxidized at low lithium deficiency due to its lower redox potential.…”

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

“…143 Using an electro-oxidation strategy, Li was selectively leached into the Na 2 CO 3 solution under an applied electric field to achieve the highly selective leaching of Li + and in situ modification of de-lithiation material. 144 The salt solution-based leaching process has the potential to achieve high efficiency and selectivity, which is beneficial for the protection of the environment.…”

A novel electrochemical redox method for the simultaneous recovery of spent lithium-ion battery cathodes and anodes

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Hydrometallurgy can be categorized according to the source of the reductant: acid leaching and electrochemical leaching. [14][15][16] The former is a mature and efficient leaching technique, while it requires complicated pretreatment processes (crushing, solvent dissolution, ultrasonic vibration, filtration, roasting, grinding, etc.) 9,14 and consumes enormous amounts of reducing agents (H 2 O 2 , NaHSO 3 , Na 2 S 2 O 3 , etc.).…”

“…10,17,18 The latter is a new method that has been proposed in recent years, which has the advantages of consumption of minimal reducing agents and is environmentally friendly. 16,19,20 Typical electrochemical recycling processes of spent LIBs are provided in Table 1.…”