Electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties of ion implanted waveguides in organic crystals

Abstract

We report on the electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties of waveguides produced by low fluence (Phi = 1.25x10(14) ions/cm(2)) H+ ion implantation in the organic nonlinear optic crystal 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST). The profile of the nonlinear optical susceptibility has been determined by measuring the reflected second-harmonic generation efficiency from a wedged-polished sample at a fundamental wavelength of lambda(omega) = 1176nm. In the waveguide core region the nonlinear optical susceptibility is shown to be preserved to more than 90% of its bulk value. A model which relates the molecular changes to the measured macroscopic alteration of the refractive index and the nonlinear coefficient has been introduced to quantify the fraction of molecules modified by ion implantation. Furthermore, a first electro-optic modulation in ion implanted DAST waveguides has been demonstrated.

The Role of the Chromophore Size and Shape on the SHG Stability of PMMA Films with Embebbed NLO Active Macrocyclic Chromophores Based on a Cyclotetrasiloxane Scaffold

“…In recent years, efforts have been dedicated to the investigation of the technological properties of nonlinear optical (NLO) organic crystalline materials with the aim of their application in various electro-optical devices, such as optical waveguides . However, it is quite difficult to produce electro-optical devices starting from organic crystalline materials.…”

H+ion implantation on L-arginine monohydrobromide monohydrate single crystal for tuning electro-optical properties

“…These induced defects are very interesting as they can tune properties of single crystals including hardness, friction, the refractive index, birefringence, optical absorption bands, luminescence, pyroelectric, piezo-electric, opto-electric coefficients and many more (1). Single crystals which have excellent nonlinear optical and electro-optic properties are implanted with ions to fabricate waveguides (2). l-Arginine monohydrobromide monohydrate (LAHBr) is an amino acid-based semi-organic single crystal with non-centrosymmetric space group P 2 1 (3).…”

“…As far as the organic single crystals (weak hydrogen and Van der Waal bonds) are concerned, implantation was done with H + and He + ions to produce moderate property changes without affecting the crystallinity of the crystals. Planar waveguides have been fabricated in organic DAST single crystal by H + and He + ion implantations (2,7). H + ions have also been implanted in rutile single crystal to produce color centers and optical absorption bands, which increase its applications.…”

Electro-optic single-crystalline organic waveguides and nanowires grown from the melt

“…In the past, most of the techniques to fabricate organic EO crystalline waveguides were concentrated on the ionic salt DAST (trans-4'(dimethylamino)-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosyate) due to its high electro-optic figure of merit at 1.55 μm, i.e., n 3 r = 455 pm/V, combined with a low dielectric constant of ε = 5.2, resulting in an about one order of magnitude better device-relevant parameter n 3 r/ε compared to the benchmark LiNbO 3 [14]. Several microstructuring techniques were developed alternative to conventional photolithography such as photobleaching [15,16], femtosecond laser ablation [17], ion implantation [18] and direct e-beam structuring [19]. A very interesting technique based on graphoepi-taxial melt growth of DAST was proposed by Geis et al [20], however the applicability of this method is limited due to an insufficient thermal stability of DAST at its melting temperature.…”