Electro-hydrodynamic shooting phenomenon of liquid metal stream

Fang, Wenqiang; He, Zhi‐Zhu; Liu, Jing

doi:10.1063/1.4897309

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Liquid metal droplets have been demonstrated to show locomotion due to electrophoretic phenomena. This was demonstrated by Liu and co‐workers with a graphite electrode that is immersed into the liquid gallium amalgam, where the composite shows capability of shape deformation under voltage, due to the electrochemical reactions that take place on the metal surface . As the electrode is punctured into the liquid metals, the liquid amalgam and the electrode act as a single unit of electrode.…”

Section: Control Of Nano/microrobot Motion Through Electrochemistry Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Nano/Microrobots Meet Electrochemistry

Moo

Mayorga‐Martinez

Hong

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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1 of 26) 1604759 the flow of electrons in such a "fuel cell", leading to self-electrophoretic motion. In the same frame, electrochemical techniques such as electrodeposition, offers a precise and low cost option for the fabrication of these multi-component microand nanostructured objects. Additionally, electrochemistry and electric fields can be used for controlling the motion of these nano/micro or macrorobots. These selfpropelling nano-and microrobots can enhance electrochemical sensing, which in turn can be used to detect motion of the robots. Furthermore, the microrobots themselves can be utilized as active parts of electrochemical and electrical energy generation devices. While a general coverage of the fabrication of nano/micromotors has been accomplished, [2,15,16] an in-depth discussion of the central role of electrochemistry from the electrosynthesis of these nano/microdevices, electrochemical principles behind their operations, to the application stage is found wanting. The flow of electrons vis-à-vis the locomotion of nano/microparticles is an integral component in order for movement in the miniaturized scale to occur. Here, we provide a review of this intimate relationship between electrochemistry and nano/ microrobots.In this article, we highlight the role of electrochemistry in synthesizing materials for self-powered nano/microdevices, the aspect of charge transfer and changes in electrochemical potentials for locomotion, control of self-propelled motion using electrochemistry and electric fields, possible applications in electrochemical sensing and energy generation using nano/ microscale motion. The arrangement of the review is built from a bottom-up approach. Namely, they will be divided into: (i) Fabrication of nano/microrobot by electrochemical methods, (ii) Electrochemically powered nano/microrobots based on self-electrophoresis, (iii) Control of nano/microrobot motion through electrochemistry and electric fields and (iv) Applications of nano/microrobots in electrochemical sensing, mixing and energy generation. Fabrication of Nano/Microrobot by Electrochemical MethodsThe electrochemical methods represent a versatile way for producing nano/microscale robots using simple experimental procedures, low-cost equipment and reagents, while being easy Artificial autonomous self-propelled nano and microrobots are an important part of contemporary technology. They are typically self-powered, taking chemical energy from their environment and converting it to motion. They can move in complex environments and channels, deliver cargo, perform nanosurgery, act as chemotaxis and perform sense-and-act actions. The electrochemistry is closely interwoven within this field. In the case of self-electrophoretically driven nano/microrobots, electrochemical mechanism has been the basis of power, which translates chemical energy to motion. Electrochemistry is also a major tool for the fabrication of these micro and nanodevices. Electrochemistry and electric fields can be used for the directing of nanorobots and for det...

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Section: Control Of Nano/microrobot Motion Through Electrochemistry Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Nano/Microrobots Meet Electrochemistry

Moo

Mayorga‐Martinez

Hong

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[9] c) Schematic of the synthesis process converting gallium metal into gallium oxide nanoflakes during sonication. [17] Copyright 2014, AIP Publishing LLC. [11] Figure 2. a) The microscopy image of liquid metal droplets formation in the flow-focusing microfluidic device.…”

Section: Fabricating Liquid Metal Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabricating Liquid Metal Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shooting velocity was proportional to the applied voltage while the droplet size depended on the aperture diameter of the capillary nozzle. [17] Afterward, in order to obtain liquid metal droplets with smaller size, Wang et al improved the liquid metal channelless fabrication device by shooting the liquid metal stream into an electrode plate under the electrical field, as shown in Figure 1d. As a result, accompanied by the blue-violet light, quantities of non-uniform droplets sized in a range from several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers were available.…”

Section: Fabricating Liquid Metal Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparations, Characteristics and Applications of the Functional Liquid Metal Materials

2017

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As new generation functional materials, the recently emerging low-melting liquid metals have displayed many unconventional properties superior to traditional materials. Various methods, such as alloying, oxidizing, adding metals, or non-metallic materials and so on, have been developed to prepare desirable functional materials based on the gallium or more other metals. These methods could not only change the form of the materials, but also endow the original liquid metals with rather diversified performances, which have further expanded the application range of the low-melting liquid metals to meet various needs. This article aims to review and summarize on the fabrication methods, characteristics, and applications of the functional liquid metal materials. Furthermore, the future outlook in this field, including challenges, routes, and related efforts, has also been illustrated and interpreted.

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“…More recent developments in LM microfluidics have been directed towards 3D printing of microfluidic channels and applications of LM in antennas and resonators, electrodes and metamaterials . In addition, there has been an increased focus on exploring different phenomena like electro‐chemistry, wettability, and interfaces of LMs. Recent developments in stretchable electronics with LM is the focus of a companion report and will not be reviewed here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Multifunctional Composites and Emulsions with Liquid Metals

2017

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Binary mixtures of liquid metal (LM) or low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) in an elastomeric or fluidic carrier medium can exhibit unique combinations of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This emerging class of soft multifunctional composites have potential applications in wearable computing, bio-inspired robotics, and shape-programmable architectures. The dispersion phase can range from dilute droplets to connected networks that support electrical conductivity. In contrast to deterministically patterned LM microfluidics, LMPA- and LM-embedded elastomer (LMEE) composites are statistically homogenous and exhibit effective bulk properties. Eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) and Ga-In-Sn (Galinstan) alloys are typically used due to their high conductivity, low viscosity, negligible nontoxicity, and ability to wet to nonmetallic materials. Because they are liquid-phase, these alloys can alter the electrical and thermal properties of the composite while preserving the mechanics of the surrounding medium. For composites with LMPA inclusions (e.g., Field's metal, Pb-based solder), mechanical rigidity can be actively tuned with external heating or electrical activation. This progress report, reviews recent experimental and theoretical studies of this emerging class of soft material architectures and identifies current technical challenges and opportunities for further advancement.

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Electro-hydrodynamic shooting phenomenon of liquid metal stream

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Nano/Microrobots Meet Electrochemistry

Nano/Microrobots Meet Electrochemistry

Preparations, Characteristics and Applications of the Functional Liquid Metal Materials

Soft Multifunctional Composites and Emulsions with Liquid Metals

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