“…4,5 Overcoming the operational challenges of integrating higher penetrations of renewable energy into the grid requires changes in operations, markets, and investment planning. Existing research on addressing renewable variability and promoting renewable integration for U.S. European and Indian power systems has focused on several main roadmaps, [6][7][8] including transmission, 9 larger balancing area, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] storage, [18][19] demand response, [20][21][22] power system operation, electricity market design, 23,24 grid exibility, 8,25 and integrating supply-load transmissions. 26 While several studies assess the overall potential of power system decarbonization in China, very few examine the key operational-level details and challenges.…”