In July 2021, the EU approved the Fit for 55 package, one of the aims of which was to completely cease manufacturing vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) in the EU by 2035. Will this happen or does the ICE still have chances to remain a part of the vehicle powertrain for a long time to come? In recent years, the topic of so-called e-fuels or electrofuels – synthetic fuels created based on green hydrogen (produced with the help of green electricity) and carbon dioxide extracted from the atmosphere – has been extensively discussed in Europe and in the USA. Their main advantage, as the supporters of e-fuels claim, is that they are produced from renewable natural materials – water and air – and are ecologically neutral. Is it true and will e-fuels save the ICE?