Electrically tunable organic–inorganic hybrid polaritons with monolayer WS2

Abstract

Exciton-polaritons are quasiparticles consisting of a linear superposition of photonic and excitonic states, offering potential for nonlinear optical devices. The excitonic component of the polariton provides a finite Coulomb scattering cross section, such that the different types of exciton found in organic materials (Frenkel) and inorganic materials (Wannier-Mott) produce polaritons with different interparticle interaction strength. A hybrid polariton state with distinct excitons provides a potential technological route towards in situ control of nonlinear behaviour. Here we demonstrate a device in which hybrid polaritons are displayed at ambient temperatures, the excitonic component of which is part Frenkel and part Wannier-Mott, and in which the dominant exciton type can be switched with an applied voltage. The device consists of an open microcavity containing both organic dye and a monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide WS2. Our findings offer a perspective for electrically controlled nonlinear polariton devices at room temperature.

Hybrid organic-inorganic polariton laser

“…We exploit such resonant interactions and the hybrid nature of polaritons to dramatically enhance optical nonlinearities in our system allowing demonstration of polariton lasing at 200 K. Furthermore, the advantage of the implemented electrical injection scheme is that it does not require the use of low mobility organic hole injection layers that typically limits device performance 35 . Instead, the present device relies on well-established GaAs technology to electrically inject carriers into inorganic part of the device 36 and uses strong coupling regime to efficiently transfer excitation from inorganic to organic semiconductor excitations, thus promising a new route to electrical injection of organic active medium.…”

Optical Properties of 2D Semiconductor WS2

“…The intrinsically large exciton binding energy of 1L WS 2 is in favor of stable exciton–polariton at room temperature, which is superior to most counterparts based on conventional semiconductors in view of developing practical applications. Flatten et al have reported the exciton–polariton formation of 1L WS 2 ‐coupled open microcavity ( Figure ) and electrically tunable hybrid polaritons in a 1L WS 2 ‐dye embedded microcavity together with the large Rabi splitting and the mixed excitonic nature. Further investigation can be extended to the experimental exploration of the possible room‐temperature superfluidity, superconductivity, and low threshold polariton lasing, where the rich many body physics can be explored such as quantized vortices, quantum phases, and polaritonic coherence properties.…”

Recent Progress on Exciton Polaritons in Layered Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

“…e) Cavity length‐dependent transmission spectra of hybrid WS 2 ‐TDBC microcavity with gate voltages of −210 V (left) and 210 V (right), respectively. d,e) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, Springer Nature.…”

“…Gate tuning has also been demonstrated in a variety of hybrid polaritons such as PEPs and hybrid organic‐inorganic EPs . In the former case, PEPs were generated by coupling excitons in MoS 2 with localized plasmon resonance modes in silver nanodisk arrays (device structure similar to that of Figure a).…”

“…In the latter case, hybrid organic‐inorganic EPs were created through the coupling of photons in an F‐P cavity with excitons in both the J‐aggregate dye TDBC and monolayer WS 2 (Figure d) . The Frenkel excitons (≈2.11 eV) in organic dye have a low mobility due to weak exciton‐exciton interactions.…”