Electrically Tunable Gap Surface Plasmon-based Metasurface for Visible Light

Guo, Jiun-In; Yan, Tao; Yang, Lanlan; Zhang, Ruiwen; Wang, Lili; Wang, Baoping

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14583-7

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The use of such materials in adaptive metasurfaces has received less attention as compared to thermo‐optical materials. In a numerical study, an electro‐optic material was used to tune the optical bandwidth of a reflective PB‐phase metasurface . In another numerical study, unit cells based on an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot cavity consisting of a dielectric nanodisk on top of a distributed Bragg reflector were proposed for active wavefront manipulation…”

Section: Adaptive Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Hail

Michel

Poulikakos

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

115

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of ultrathin, artificial surfaces, so-called metasurfaces, for manipulating the propagation of light at will. [1,2] Metasurfaces control the propagation of light by abruptly changing its phase, amplitude, polarization, or spectrum at a surface and within a thin (quasi-2D) layer using large arrays of optical scatterers with subwavelength separation. Ideally, each scatterer can be independently engineered in order to locally influence the wavelets of the impinging light, and therefore, arbitrarily reform the wavefront. This concept has been exploited to create a variety of flat optical elements such as beam deflectors, [3][4][5] lenses, [6][7][8] and holograms. [9,10] As compared to bulky refraction-based optical elements, these surfaces are of subwavelength or wavelength-scale thickness, which enables their integration into compact devices. A main feature of the majority of such flat optical elements is that they are passive, and once fabricated, their optical functionalities are invariable. A beam deflector of this kind will direct light of a certain wavelength and direction always into the same direction, or a lens will focus light always to the same focal point. A broad range of new applications could be enabled if it were possible to actively and reversibly change the functionality of metasurfaces after their fabrication. With such "adaptive" metasurfaces beam deflectors with adjustable angle of deflection, metalenses with variable focal length or dynamic holograms may be realized. Advances toward such active devices are highly relevant for applications such as light detection and ranging [11] (LIDAR) sensing for driverless cars, dynamic zoom lenses for miniaturized camera systems [12] (e.g., in smartphones), or holographic displays for augmented reality devices. [13] An adaptive metasurface allows for the dynamic adjustment of an optical functionality of the surface. As shown in Figure 1, for the specific case of a metalens, these surfaces can be categorized based on their degree of dynamic adaptivity. While a passive surface has a fixed functionality, a switchable metasurface allows for switching back and forth between two (or more) predefined states (e.g., switching between different focal lengths, deflection angles, or hologram images). A continuously tunable metasurface enables continuous adjustment of a property within a range (e.g., tunable focal length or deflection angle). Finally, a freely tunable metasurface allows for continuous, arbitrary adjustment of a property, for example, 3D adjustment of the focal point of the metalens shown in Figure 1. Adaptive functionalities can be added to metasurfaces with different methods, for example, by mechanically rearranging the scatterers on the surface with respect to each other, or modifying

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Section: Adaptive Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Hail

Michel

Poulikakos

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

115

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“…The required difference can be realized by implementing the electrical tunability through the use of DAST, an EO material, as the dielectric layer. DAST has a large EO coefficient equal to 3.41 nm/V 43 , 55 – 57 . The refractive index of DAST is a function of the applied voltage and can be written as where d i denotes the thickness of DAST layer sandwiched between the two metal layers and V is the applied voltage; is the EO coefficient with being the applied electric field, and n 0 = 2.2 is the refractive index of DAST at V = 0.…”

Section: Electrical Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a lot of works demonstrating color filters without the possibility of real-time tuning 32 – 39 . At the same time, tunable color filters working in the transmission or reflection mode have also been reported; some of which are dynamically controllable by the polarization of incident light 40 – 42 , while some others are electrically tunable 1 , 4 , 13 , 43 . For example, it has been suggested to use a polarization-tailored dichroic resonator combined with a twisted nematic liquid crystal 44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum

Aalizadeh

Serebryannikov

Khavasi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The possibility of real-time tuning of optical devices has attracted a lot of interest over the last decade. At the same time, coming up with simple lithography-free structures has always been a challenge in the design of large-area compatible devices. In this work, we present the concept and the sample design of an electrically tunable, lithography-free, ultra-thin transmission-mode color filter, the spectrum of which continuously covers the whole visible region. A simple Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) cavity configuration is used. It is shown that using the electro-optic dielectric material of 4-dimethyl-amino-N-methyl-4-stilbazoliumtosylate (DAST) as the dielectric layer in this configuration enables efficient electrical tuning of the color filter. The total thickness of the structure is 120 nm, so it is ultra-thin. The output color gets tuned from violet to red by sweeping the applied voltage from −12 to +12 Volts (V). We present an in-detail optimization procedure along with a simple calculation method for the resonance wavelength of the MIM cavity that is based on circuit theory. Such power-efficient structures have a large variety of potential applications ranging from optical communication and switching to displays and color-tunable windows.

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“…Manufacturing metasurfaces becomes more viable compared to its threedimensional cousin, because of its planar geometry and the well-established lithographic fabrication processes. The active tuning of light through a three-dimensional tunable metamaterial can be obtained by various external stimuli by electrical [23][24][25][26], mechanical [27][28][29][30], optical [31][32][33], thermal, or magnetic means. For mid-infrared or terahertz radiation spectra, split-ring-based, dielectric resonator-based, phase-change-materials-based, graphene-based, or liquid-crystal-based metamaterials are available, as reviewed in the previous literature [34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable metasurfaces for visible and SWIR applications

2020

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Demand on optical or photonic applications in the visible or short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, such as vision, virtual or augmented displays, imaging, spectroscopy, remote sensing (LIDAR), chemical reaction sensing, microscopy, and photonic integrated circuits, has envisaged new type of subwavelength-featured materials and devices for controlling electromagnetic waves. The study on metasurfaces, of which the thickness is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the considered incoming electromagnetic wave, has been grown rapidly to embrace the needs of developing sub 100-micron active photonic pixelated devices and their arrayed form. Meta-atoms in metasurfaces are now actively controlled under external stimuli to lead to a large phase shift upon the incident light, which has provided a huge potential for arrayed two-dimensional active optics. This short review summarizes actively tunable or reconfigurable metasurfaces for the visible or SWIR spectra, to account for the physical operating principles and the current issues to overcome.

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Electrically Tunable Gap Surface Plasmon-based Metasurface for Visible Light

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum

Tunable metasurfaces for visible and SWIR applications

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