Electrically Heated Catalysts for Cold-Start Emissions in Diesel Aftertreatment

Kim, Chang Hwan; Paratore, Michael J.; Gonze, Eugene; Solbrig, Charles E.; Smith, Stuart E.

doi:10.4271/2012-01-1092

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For such a system, the addition of a higher amount of electric heat would provide regular benefit. For a system with greater constraints for available electricity, a strategy of placing the heater in a pre-DOC location to achieve light-off and combining with hydrocarbon dosing may make the most sense as described by Paratore et al [4]. An electric heater is a flexible tool that can be used by system designers to control temperature and optimize the energy consumption for a given aftertreatment performance.…”

Section: How Much Electric Power Makes Sense?mentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Study of Exhaust Heating to Improve SCR Cold Start Performance

Culbertson¹,

Khair²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Engines

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SCR cold-start effects are increasingly important for meeting today's emission requirements [1]. A significant challenge toward quickly achieving NOx abatement is the presence of moisture in the catalyst at lower temperatures [1]. This paper describes the ability of an electric heater to effectively raise the temperature of the exhaust and overcome the effect of moisture and low exhaust temperature, allowing NOx conversion to begin sooner. A model of the moisture storage and removal is presented, along with results from engine tests. Results show that it is possible to achieve high NOx conversion temperatures quickly with robust heater technology that is suited for diesel applications.

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Section: How Much Electric Power Makes Sense?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The concept of using electric heat to warm a catalyst within an exhaust system is not new and dates back at least to the 1980's [3,4,5]. At that time it was thought that an electrically heated catalyst might be needed for the purpose of automotive cold-start emissions [5] …”

Section: Electric Exhaust Heatermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Exhaust Heating to Improve SCR Cold Start Performance

Culbertson¹,

Khair²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Engines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The concept of electrically heated catalysts (EHC) gained attention in the automotive research sector due to the introduction of ever more stringent emission limits by governmental institutions in the late 1990s [34,35]. Since then, its impact on the reduction of cold-start emissions has been widely studied and confirmed for road vehicle engines [36,37]. The EHC used in this study consists of a coated heating plate which in this case is powered by a 12 V direct voltage source and acts as an ohmic resistance.…”

Section: Electrically Heated Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant

et al. 2020

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Decentralized power generation by combined heat and power plants becomes increasingly popular as a measure to advance the energy transition. In this context, a substantial advantage of small combined heat and power plants is based on the relatively low pollutant emissions. However, a large proportion of the pollutant emissions is produced during a cold-start. This fact is not reflected in governmental and institutional emission guidelines, as these strongly focus on the emission levels under steady-state conditions. This study analyzes the spark advance, the reference air/fuel ratio and an electrically heated catalyst in terms of their potential to reduce the cold-start emissions of a micro combined heat and power plant which uses a natural gas fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine as prime mover and a three-way catalytic converter as aftertreatment system. Based on these measures, control approaches were developed that account for the specific operating conditions of the class of small combined heat and power plants, e.g., full-load operation and flexible, demand-driven runtimes. The experimental data demonstrates that even solutions with marginal adaptation/integration effort can reduce cold-start emissions to a great extent.

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“…Postponing main injection timing or utilizing extra fuel injection after top dead center (TDC) -post injection -generally rises exhaust temperatures with a reasonable fuel penalty. However, the improvement is generally limited and insufficient to boost exhaust temperature above 250 o C. Using afterburners, heat storage components or electrical heating can also be regarded as fuel path techniques to improve EAT effectiveness [30][31][32]. Since those engine-independent methods require both extra energy and equipment of additional devices on the engine system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intake Valve Lift Form Modulation on Exhaust Temperature and Fuel Economy of a Low-loaded Automotive Diesel Engine

Başaran

2021

International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology

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Exhaust after-treatment (EAT) systems on automotive vehicles cannot perform effectively at low loads due to low exhaust temperatures (Texhaust < 250 o C). Conventional late intake valve closure (LIVC) technique -a proven method to improve diesel exhaust temperatures -generally requires the modulation of the whole valve lift profile. However, an alternative method -boot-shaped LIVC -only needs partial lift form modulation and can rise exhaust temperatures significantly. Therefore, this study attempts to demonstrate that boot-shaped LIVC can be an alternative solution to improve exhaust temperatures above 250 o C at low-loaded operations of automotive vehicles.A 1-D engine simulation program is used to model the diesel engine system operating at 1200 RPM engine speed and at 2.5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine load. Boot-shaped LIVC is achieved via keeping the valve lift constant (at 4.0 mm) for a while during closure and then closing it at different closure angles. The method results in up to 55 o C exhaust temperature rise through reduced in-cylinder airflow and thus, is adequate to keep EAT system above 250 o C at low loads. The longer the boot is kept during closure, the lower the air-to-fuel ratio is reduced and the higher the exhaust temperature flows at turbine exit. Similar to conventional LIVC, boot-shaped LIVC improves fuel consumption as pumping losses are decreased in the system. Despite aforementioned improvements, EAT warm-up is affected negatively due to the significant drop-off on exhaust mass flow rates. The need to modify only some parts of the lift profile is a technical advantage and can reduce production costs.

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Electrically Heated Catalysts for Cold-Start Emissions in Diesel Aftertreatment

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

The Study of Exhaust Heating to Improve SCR Cold Start Performance

The Study of Exhaust Heating to Improve SCR Cold Start Performance

Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant

Effects of Intake Valve Lift Form Modulation on Exhaust Temperature and Fuel Economy of a Low-loaded Automotive Diesel Engine

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