Electrically conducting polymers: from fundamental to applied research

Abstract

A review of the state of the art of electrically conducting polymers is presented. Special emphasis is laid on the nature of the doping processes which induce high electrical conductivity in conjugated organic polymers and on the nature of charge carriers such as solitons, polarons and bipolarons produced in them as a result of such processes. Various factors affecting the electrical conductivity of these polymers and the various models proposed to explain charge transport in them are also discussed. The present status of the structure-property relationship in these conducting polymers and the various routes currently pursued to tailor novel conducting polymers are also briefly mentioned, Finally the various applications of these novel electronic materials are described.

Potentiometric miniaturized pH sensors based on polypyrrole films

“…In this work the use of conducting polymers to form the basis of new pH sensors has been considered since the protonation of nitrogen atoms in the polymers are expected to impart a pH response to the chemically modified electrodes. Indeed, conducting polymers represent a class of versatile synthetic materials, with various possible applications in the development of batteries, electrochromic and electroluminescent devices as well as in analytical chemistry [5]. Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most promising conducting polymers in sensor design because of its convenient deposition from aqueous solutions [6,7], high conductivity and relative stability in its oxidized doped state as long as over-oxidation is avoided [8].…”

Electrically conductive bioplastics from cassava starch

“…Because of their characteristics, these biofilms or bioplastic conductors are currently introduced as solid polymeric electrolytes (SPEs), a new type of ionic solid used in the development of batteries, diodes, electrochemical capacitors, sensors, electrochromic devices, fuel cells, actuator mechanisms etc. They have the quality of being ionic conduction materials, 5,8,9 which is caused by exclusive properties such as suitable electrode/electrolyte contact, a simple preparation to obtain different forms and their mechanical and adhesive qualities. 10,11 Recent research conducted by ARS (Agricultural Research Service) in Peoria (USA) has been discovered that polysaccharides such as starch found in plants can perform the afore mentioned functions.…”

Efficacy of Net Epoxy Resin for Electromagnetic Shielding in X-Band Frequency Range

“…However, conductive polymers have few large-scale applications because of their poor process ability (18), mechanical weakness, and chemical instability (19,20).…”