Electrically conducting polymers: arsenic pentafluoride-doped poly(phenylenevinylene) and its analogs

Gourley, K. D.; Lillya, C. Peter; Reynolds, John R.; Chien, James C. W.

doi:10.1021/ma00135a009

Cited by 71 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Both TzG Cu and TzG Pd/Cu are EPR active and display an intense polaronic‐like spectrum at similar g values of 2.0032 (linewidth 0.63 mT) and 2.0035 (linewidth 0.66 mT), respectively (Figure i). This is comparable to other conductive polymers ( g values of 2.0030–2.0035, and linewidths of 0.42–0.80 mT) . Note though, that the radical component of TzG Cu has a two‐fold higher intensity (Figure i).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 82%

Tuning the Porosity and Photocatalytic Performance of Triazine‐Based Graphdiyne Polymers through Polymorphism

et al. 2018

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Crystalline and amorphous organic materials are an emergent class of heterogeneous photocatalysts for the generation of hydrogen from water, but a direct correlation between their structures and the resulting properties has not been achieved so far. To make a meaningful comparison between structurally different, yet chemically similar porous polymers, two porous polymorphs of a triazine‐based graphdiyne (TzG) framework are synthesized by a simple, one‐pot homocoupling polymerization reaction using as catalysts CuI for TzGCu and PdII/CuI for TzGPd/Cu. The polymers form through irreversible coupling reactions and give rise to a crystalline (TzGCu) and an amorphous (TzGPd/Cu) polymorph. Notably, the crystalline and amorphous polymorphs are narrow‐gap semiconductors with permanent surface areas of 660 m2 g−1 and 392 m2 g−1, respectively. Hence, both polymers are ideal heterogeneous photocatalysts for water splitting with some of the highest hydrogen evolution rates reported to date (up to 972 μmol h−1 g−1 with and 276 μmol h−1 g−1 without Pt cocatalyst). Crystalline order is found to improve delocalization, whereas the amorphous polymorph requires a cocatalyst for efficient charge transfer. This will need to be considered in future rational design of polymer catalysts and organic electronics.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 82%

Tuning the Porosity and Photocatalytic Performance of Triazine‐Based Graphdiyne Polymers through Polymorphism

et al. 2018

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“…The degree of conversion is primarily determined by the temperature and the time of heating. The full conversion of the precursor polymer to fully conjugated PPV requires heating at 300°C, whereas heating at temperatures less than 300°C leads to the formation of copolymers of conjugated and saturated segments [332]. PPV, polynaphthalenevinylene (PNV) and block copolymers of PNV have also been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP, see below) [see, e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Dai

1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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“…Thereby, a soluble precursor polymer is synthesized, cast into a film, and transformed by heat or irradiation into the supposedly insoluble conjugated target polymer. A well-known case is poly(phenylenevinylene) synthesis [74,101,102], where the vinylene unit is established by a 1,2-elimination. A special kind of precursor route will later be introduced for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons.…”

Section: Expanding Synthetic Chemistry To Complex Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene as a Target for Polymer Synthesis

Müllen

2013

Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years After the Staudinger Nobel Prize II

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Graphene has remarkable physical properties, but existing production methods have severe deficiencies that limit its potential use in robust technologies. Opening a reliable and efficient synthetic route to graphene and its functionalized derivatives offers a path to overcome this obstacle for its practical application. Graphene can be regarded as a two-dimensional polymer (2D), and it is here argued that it, along with its derivatives, represents a realistic yet challenging target for polymer synthesis.In order to demonstrate the possibility of such syntheses, an overview is presented on the evolution of phenylene-based macromolecules. It is shown how classical linear polyphenylenes can be expanded to increasingly more sophisticated structures involving two-and three-dimensional (3D) polyphenylene architectures. A crucial aspect of the meticulous synthetic design of these molecules has been the avoidance of defects within the structures, resulting in the precise control of their physical, especially optoelectronic, properties.Linear conjugated polymers with defined optical properties have been made by controlling the degree of torsion between the benzene rings. This has included the development of efficient routes to ladder-type polymers and of step-ladder materials. Planar graphene molecules, or nanographenes, in a range of sizes and shapes have been fabricated by the controlled cyclodehydrogenation of 3D polyphenylene dendrimers. By combining knowledge gained from the synthesis of conjugated polymers, polyphenylene dendrimers, and nanographenes, it has proven feasible to make, either by solution or surface-bound methods, graphene nanoribbons with well-defined structures. These functional materials possess properties similar to graphene while displaying improved processability.Finally, we review less-sophisticated paths towards graphene materials involving processing of graphene oxide, its reduction, and its hybridization with other components. These too have a role to play in acquiring functional graphenes where K. Müllen (*) Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany e-mail: muellen@mpip-mainz.mpg.de a lesser degree of control over the properties is required. This voyage of exploration towards the precise synthesis of conjugated phenylene-based polymers has thus had the dual objectives of fundamental research and practical materials science. En route we have had to meet the sometimes conflicting gauntlets thrown down by these two aims, which has at times involved trade-offs between the theoretically desirable and the reasonably accessible.

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Electrically conducting polymers: arsenic pentafluoride-doped poly(phenylenevinylene) and its analogs

Cited by 71 publications

References 13 publications

Tuning the Porosity and Photocatalytic Performance of Triazine‐Based Graphdiyne Polymers through Polymorphism

Tuning the Porosity and Photocatalytic Performance of Triazine‐Based Graphdiyne Polymers through Polymorphism

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Graphene as a Target for Polymer Synthesis

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