Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers

Noordegraaf, Danny; Scolari, Lara; Lægsgaard, Jesper; Rindorf, Lars Henning; Alkeskjold, Thomas Tanggaard

doi:10.1364/oe.15.007901

Cited by 89 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…A similar approach has been also used to implement long-period Bragg gratings with pitches of up to several hundred micrometers utilizing higher-order bandgaps when the refractive index of liquids injected into the fibers was modulated with electric fields or mechanical stress, such as in Ref. [48].…”

Section: Gratings In Hcpc Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale cavities in hollow-core waveguides for quantum optics with atomic ensembles

et al. 2016

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Single-mode hollow-core waveguides loaded with atomic ensembles offer an excellent platform for light-matter interactions and nonlinear optics at low photon levels. We review and discuss possible approaches for incorporating mirrors, cavities, and Bragg gratings into these waveguides without obstructing their hollow cores. With these additional features controlling the light propagation in the hollow-core waveguides, one could potentially achieve optical nonlinearities controllable by single photons in systems with small footprints that can be integrated on a chip. We propose possible applications such as single-photon transistors and superradiant lasers that could be implemented in these enhanced hollow-core waveguides.

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Section: Gratings In Hcpc Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale cavities in hollow-core waveguides for quantum optics with atomic ensembles

et al. 2016

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“…LPFGs have found a variety of applications in optical communications as gain-flattening filters for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems or as wavelength-selective optical fiber polarizer components [1][2]. Tuning of the LPFGs is very attractive since it can offer a form of dynamic spectral control [3]. For these reasons filters based on LPFGs have generated a huge interest for applications in optical fiber systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards tuning of thermal sensitivity of the long period fiber gratings using a liquid crystal layer

Czapla

Bock²,

Mikulic³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

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Abstract.A high-efficiency thermal tuning filter based on a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) combined with a low-birefringence liquid crystal (LB LC) cladding layer is presented. Two types of LPFGs were studied and compared: the LPFGs based on a standard telecommunication fiber produced by an electric arc technique, and the LPFGs based on a boron co-doped fiber written by a UV technique. Both types of LPFGs when enhanced with an external LB LC layer exhibit two different temperature sensitivities, which depend on the temperature range of operation. For the LPFGs based on standard telecommunication fiber we can conclude that the presence of the LB LC cladding increases the thermal tuning efficiency by more than one order of magnitude over the value for the LPFGs in air. In the case of the LPFGs based on the boron co-doped fiber we discovered it is possible to obtain either a temperature-independent attenuation band or the attenuation bands with high temperature sensitivities, just by careful choice of the order of the cladding mode and the operating wavelength.

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“…The LPFGs have found a variety of applications in optical communications [1,2]. Tuning of the LPFGs is very attractive since it can offer a form of dynamic spectral control [3,4]. The central attenuation wavelength of the LPFGs is highly sensitive to temperature, strain, bend or surrounding refractive index (SRI) changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Electrically Tunable Long-Period Fiber Grating Using a Liquid Crystal Cladding Layer

Czapla

Woliński

Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki

et al. 2010

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The main aim of the presented work is the integration of a long-period fiber grating and a liquid crystal into a hybrid structure, in order to develop an innovative fiber optic device controlled by an external electric field. The studied long-period fiber grating was fabricated using UV irradiation in a boron co-doped fiber (PS1250/ 1500, manufactured by Fibercore). As a liquid crystal we used a typical 5CB nematic liquid crystal. The sensing mechanism of the proposed loss filter relies on long-period fiber grating attenuation bands sensitivity to optical properties of the liquid crystal layer. The results obtained show that the long-period fiber grating with a nanosized liquid crystal layer exhibits one order of magnitude higher electrical sensitivity and a lower level of the voltage control than the long-period fiber grating with a micro-sized liquid crystal layer.PACS IntroductionIn order to achieve light coupling between two co--propagating modes, a grating formed in an optical fiber usually requires a pitch of several hundred micrometers. This type of grating is called a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). Compared to other optical devices, LPFGs have a number of unique advantages such as low-level back reflection, low insertion losses and compact construction (the grating is an intrinsic fiber device). The LPFGs have found a variety of applications in optical communications [1,2]. Tuning of the LPFGs is very attractive since it can offer a form of dynamic spectral control [3,4]. The central attenuation wavelength of the LPFGs is highly sensitive to temperature, strain, bend or surrounding refractive index (SRI) changes. For these reasons filters based on the LPFGs have generated a significant interest for applications in the sensing field as well.Liquid crystals (LCs) are attractive candidates as a coating material since their properties can be controlled through temperature, optical, electrical and magnetic fields [5][6][7]. There are three key points for a good design in order to combine a LPFG and a LC into one component: selection of the LC refractive indices, inherent SRI sensitivity of the LPFG and the LC layer thickness. Majority of LCs have refractive indices that are higher than the refractive index of the silica glass. Thus, the LPFG sensitive to SRI is limited to the range where SRI is higher than the refractive index of the fiber cladding. In this case, the core modes couple to leaky modes [8] and the dependence on the resonance wavelength on the SRI is not so straightforward. So far, most of the studies have focused on the analysis of the SRI sensitivity when the

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Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Mesoscale cavities in hollow-core waveguides for quantum optics with atomic ensembles

Mesoscale cavities in hollow-core waveguides for quantum optics with atomic ensembles

Towards tuning of thermal sensitivity of the long period fiber gratings using a liquid crystal layer

A Novel Electrically Tunable Long-Period Fiber Grating Using a Liquid Crystal Cladding Layer

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