Electrical Stimulation of Eighth Cranial Nerve

A Journey to Hear: The Evolution of Cochlear Implants

“…Dr. House, an otology specialist, collaborated with Dr. Doyle, a neurosurgeon, to develop the initial implants featuring either a single wire with a flamed ball contact or an array of five electrodes. Their surgical approach involved inserting the electrode(s) into the scala tympani through an incision in the round window membrane [13]. Despite early success, including basic frequency discrimination and word identification in closed sets, complications arose due to the insufficient biocompatibility of the electrodes, leading to their removal and limiting long-term testing.…”

Augmented Reality Based Transmodiolar Cochlear Implantation

“…With this approach, the electrode array is relatively distant from the auditory nerve endings leading to low electrical stimulation specificity and efficiency and cannot reach the cochlear apex. These drawbacks led to the idea of the auditory nerve implantation, especially useful in ossified, destroyed, or malformed cochlea (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In addition to a more selective stimulation and lower power consumption, intraneuronal stimulation provides access to the complete cochlear frequency range including the low frequency fibers at the cochlear apex (11).…”

“…In addition to a more selective stimulation and lower power consumption, intraneuronal stimulation provides access to the complete cochlear frequency range including the low frequency fibers at the cochlear apex (11). However, the first attempts were considered complex and invasive (5) as they required a middle cranial fossa approach (6,8), a posterior cranial fossa approach (9), or drilling the cochlear basal turn (10). Transmodiolar nerve implants entering the cochlea through helicotrema and following the modular axis, provide a direct access to the auditory nerve in the modiolus at the center of the cochlea (Fig.…”

The history of cochlear implantation

“…Результаты этих операций попали в прессу, что яви-лось важным стимулом в развитии метода кохлеарной им-плантации [19,20].…”