Electrical percolation of silicone rubber filled by carbon black and carbon nanotubes researched by the Monte Carlo simulation

Lu, Yingchun; Wu, Hao; Liu, Jian; Liu, Yue; Zhao, Junnan; Liu, Ping; Wang, Junfeng; Liang, Huaguo; Huang, Ying; Song, Aiguo

doi:10.1002/app.48222

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is evident that the CNT forms a filler percolation threshold owing to its high aspect ratio, which causes the CNT particles to form interconnected networks and leads to better mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties [ 82 , 83 ]. The inclusion of GR to form a CNT hybrid in the SR matrix is illustrated in Figure 4 c,d.…”

Section: Processing Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.

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Section: Processing Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The Monte Carlo simulation is an effective method to simulate the random dispersion of conductive fillers in matrix, which is usually used to analyze the electrical percolation of carbon-based nanocomposites, and get rich achievements. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, most of these works related to Monte Carlo simulation focus on carbon nanotubes or hybrid of carbon nanotubes and carbon black. The investigations on the electrical percolation of GNPsbased nanocomposites are paid little attention relatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions of electrical percolation of graphene‐based nanocomposites by the three‐dimensional Monte Carlo simulation

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Disk model is usually used to represent graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) which are considered as frame‐like structure with edges and corners, and it has lack of quantitative accuracy. In order to minimize error caused by morphology, distribution, and interaction between GNPs and matrix, square and folded plate models were constructed to predict the percolation volume fraction (ϕc) of GNPs‐based nanocomposites by calculating connection possibility. Meanwhile, disk model is used for comparison. The results revealed that the ϕc of square and folded plate models is smaller than that of disk model with consistent parameters, and it is concluded that the ϕc of GNPs‐based nanocomposites predicted by disk model should be higher than that of experimental. The correctness of mixed model of square and folded plate is also verified by experimental. Due to the agglomeration of GNPs under the actual situation, the result of simulation is slightly smaller than that of experiment.

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“…The two composites measured volume conductivities increased gradually with the MWCNT concentration. Both composites showed obvious seepage phenomena [ 29 ]. The percolation theory [ 30 ] uses the following equation to investigate the link between composite conductivity and MWCNT content:

where σ is the volume conductivity of the composites at a certain nanofiller content, σ 0 is the scale factor, φ is the mass fraction of the nanofillers in the conductive composites, φ c is the percolation threshold of the conductive composites, and t is the critical resistivity factor, which is related to the dimensions of the conductive networks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vulcanization on the Electro-Mechanical Sensing Characteristics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Silicone Rubber Composites

et al. 2023

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In order to realize effective monitoring for the working performance of seismic isolation structures, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) composite was prepared via mechanical blending using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxy)hexane (DBPMH) as vulcanizing agents. The effects of the different vulcanizing agents on the dispersion of the MWCNT, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and resistance–strain response of the composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that the percolation threshold of the composites prepared with the two vulcanizing agents was low, while the DCP-vulcanized composites showed high mechanical properties and a better resistance–strain response sensitivity and stability, especially after 15,000 loading cycles. According to the analysis using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the DCP contributed higher vulcanization activity, a denser cross-linking network, better and uniform dispersion, and a more stable damage–reconstruction mechanism for the MWCNT network during the deformation load. Thus, the DCP-vulcanized composites showed better mechanical performance and electrical response abilities. When employing an analytical model based on the tunnel effect theory, the mechanism of the resistance–strain response was explained, and the potential of this composite for real-time strain monitoring for large deformation structures was confirmed.

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Electrical percolation of silicone rubber filled by carbon black and carbon nanotubes researched by the Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

Predictions of electrical percolation of graphene‐based nanocomposites by the three‐dimensional Monte Carlo simulation

Effect of Vulcanization on the Electro-Mechanical Sensing Characteristics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Silicone Rubber Composites

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