Electrical multisite stimulation of the isolated chicken retina

Stett, Alfred; Barth, Wolf; Weiß, Stefan; Haemmerle, H.; Zrenner, Eberhart

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00005-5

Cited by 262 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Rd1 mice (C3H/HeJ strain) were used as the animal model of retinal degeneration. The retinal patches were prepared as previously described (Stett et al, 2000). The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular injections of Zoletin 50 (zolazepam hydroxide, 125 mg/5 ml) and Rumpun (xylazine hydroxide, 23.32 mg/ml) sufficient to extinguish the forefoot withdrawal reflex.…”

Section: Retinal Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perception of simple visual patterns or phosphenes have been reported from clinical trials of human blind patients (Veraart et al, 1998;Humayun et al, 1999;Humayun et al, 2003;Rizzo et al, 2003;Hornig et al, 2005). Based on an in-vitro model of retinal implant that consists of retinal patches mounted on a planar multielectrode array (MEA), several studies on the properties of electrically-evoked firing of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have increased the basic knowledge required to determine effective methods of visual stimulation (Stett et al, 2000;Jensen and Rizzo, 2007;Ryu et al, 2009b). Recently, we showed that RGC response strength can be effectively controlled by amplitude modulation of stimulation pulse trains so that light intensity variation can be encoded within the RGC spike trains (Ryu et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically-evoked Neural Activities of rd1 Mice Retinal Ganglion Cells by Repetitive Pulse Stimulation

Ryu

Lee

et al. 2009

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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For successful visual perception by visual prosthesis using electrical stimulation, it is essential to develop an effective stimulation strategy based on understanding of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses to electrical stimulation. W e studied RGC responses to repetitive electrical stimulation pulses to develop a stimulation strategy using stimulation pulse frequency modulation. Retinal patches of photoreceptor-degenerated retinas from rd1 mice were attached to a planar multi-electrode array (MEA) and RGC spike trains responding to electrical stimulation pulse trains with various pulse frequencies were observed. RGC responses were strongly dependent on inter-pulse interval when it was varied from 500 to 10 ms. Although the evoked spikes were suppressed with increasing pulse rate, the number of evoked spikes were ＞ 60% of the maximal responses when the inter-pulse intervals exceeded 100 ms. Based on this, we investigated the modulation of evoked RGC firing rates while increasing the pulse frequency from 1 to 10 pulses per second (or Hz) to deduce the optimal pulse frequency range for modulation of RGC response strength. RGC response strength monotonically and linearly increased within the stimulation frequency of 1∼ 9 Hz. The results suggest that the evoked neural activities of RGCs in degenerated retina can be reliably controlled by pulse frequency modulation, and may be used as a stimulation strategy for visual neural prosthesis.

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Section: Retinal Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically-evoked Neural Activities of rd1 Mice Retinal Ganglion Cells by Repetitive Pulse Stimulation

Ryu

Lee

et al. 2009

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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“…D'autres aspects essentiels de ces prothèses sont ceux de leur géométrie (Sommerhalder et al 2004) et de leur biocompatibilité. Des études sont actuellement en cours chez l'animal pour évaluer l'effet des stimulations électriques sur le réseau neuronal in vivo et in vitro (Stett et al 2000 ;Salzmann et al 2006 ;Kolomiets et al 2010).…”

Section: Prothèses Rétiniennesunclassified

Dégénérescence des photorécepteurs: stratégies thérapeutiques et nouvelles perspectives

Fradot¹,

Yang²,

Rosolen³

et al. 2011

bavf

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Les maladies oculaires avec dégénérescence des photorécepteurs sont toujours à l'origine de cécités. Cependant, différentes approches thérapeutiques ont récemment été validées pour préserver la vision, comme dans les cas de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge ou de l'amaurose congénitale de Leber. Pour cette dernière maladie, la thérapie génique a permis de restaurer la vision de patients perdant progressivement la vue à la suite de la dégénérescence de leurs photorécepteurs. Ce succès majeur a ouvert la voie à de nombreuses autres formes de thérapie génique pour prévenir la cécité ou restaurer une certaine vision par la thérapie optogénétique. Dans ce dernier cas, un gène codant une protéine photosensible issue d'algues ou de bactéries est introduit dans le génome d'une cellule pour restaurer une perception à la lumière dans la rétine aveugle. D'autres approches thérapeutiques reposent sur les facteurs trophiques comme le CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) ou le RdCVF (rod-derived cone viability factor), ou encore les inhibiteurs des canaux Ca 2+ . Enfin, la transplantation de cellules souches est amenée à devenir un mode thérapeutique dans un futur proche. Ces différentes approches offrent donc un grand espoir de traitement des maladies entraînant la cécité et considé-rées comme incurables. Ocular diseases involving photoreceptor degeneration still lead to blindness. However, different therapeutic strategies preserving vision have been validated recently, as in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) or Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA

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“…All subsequent manipulations were done under dim red light to maintain the retina in a dark-adapted state. The method used by Stett et al (2000) was modified for retinal preparation. Briefly, the eyeball was enucleated and the retina was isolated.…”

Section: In Vitro Recording Of Retinal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity Map of Retinal Ganglion Cells for Retinal Prosthesis

Ryu

Kim

et al. 2008

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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Retinal prostheses are being developed to restore vision for the blind with retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Among the many issues for prosthesis development, stimulation encoding strategy is one of the most essential electrophysiological issues. The more we understand the retinal circuitry how it encodes and processes visual information, the greater it could help decide stimulation encoding strategy for retinal prosthesis. Therefore, we examined how retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in in-vitro retinal preparation act together to encode a visual scene with multielectrode array (MEA). Simultaneous recording of many RGCs with MEA showed that nearby neurons often fired synchronously, with spike delays mostly within 1 ms range. This synchronized firing -narrow correlation -was blocked by gap junction blocker, heptanol, but not by glutamatergic synapse blocker, kynurenic acid. By tracking down all the RGC pairs which showed narrow correlation, we could harvest 40 functional connectivity maps of RGCs which showed the cell cluster firing together. W e suggest that finding functional connectivity map would be useful in stimulation encoding strategy for the retinal prosthesis since stimulating the cluster of RGCs would be more efficient than separately stimulating each individual RGC.

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Electrical multisite stimulation of the isolated chicken retina

Cited by 262 publications

References 37 publications

Electrically-evoked Neural Activities of rd1 Mice Retinal Ganglion Cells by Repetitive Pulse Stimulation

Electrically-evoked Neural Activities of rd1 Mice Retinal Ganglion Cells by Repetitive Pulse Stimulation

Dégénérescence des photorécepteurs: stratégies thérapeutiques et nouvelles perspectives

Functional Connectivity Map of Retinal Ganglion Cells for Retinal Prosthesis

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