Electrical ignition sources in nuclear power plants: statistical, modelling and experimental studies

Keski-Rahkonen, Olavi; Mangs, Johan

doi:10.1016/s0029-5493(01)00510-6

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The first is scenario-based, and the other is performance-based. In the scenario based approach, one seeks to characterize individual fire threats, as in the work of Keski-Rahkonen [50]. In that work, they studied ignition phenomena in electrical equipment through statistical data on failures followed by laboratory and modeling studies of the failure mechanism.…”

Section: Test Methods Evaluation and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers at the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) studied mechanisms of electrical ignition in data and power cables in nuclear power plants [50]. Starting with statistical data on fire events, they categorized the ignition mechanisms.…”

Section: Analysis Of Previous Test Methods For Suppression Of Energizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VTT Electrical Ignition Source Studies: Keski-Rahkonen and Mangs [50] described multi-faceted work to understand risks from electrical ignitions in Finnish nuclear power plants. They performed statistical analysis of fire event data from both nuclear and non-nuclear power plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lack of detail necessary to provide the precursor events or to identify the true root causes has been pointed out by others (Madden reference in Ref. [50]) with regard to the Sandia and EPRI databases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires

Linteris

2009

Fire Technol

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The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test methods suggest that the current recommended total flooding concentration is sufficient, while others suggest that higher concentrations may be necessary for some fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A test protocol is suggested which can quantify the effects of added energy on the suppression process.

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Section: Test Methods Evaluation and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Previous Test Methods For Suppression Of Energizmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires

Linteris

2009

Fire Technol

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“…But the economic costs results from cabinet fire are extremely heavy not only on direct losses of burned-out equipment but on indirect losses caused by production disruption. Researches on the origin and the development of cable fire in communication system, petrochemical industry and nuclear plant area have been done (Norman Alvares, 2000; J. L. Lee,1981;Schultz, Neil,1986;O. Keshki-Rahkonen, 2002) [3][4][5][6]. Besides, J. Mangs has finished the experimental research about the full scale emulation of electronic cabinet fire [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cable Fire Spread in Electronic Cabinet

Kong¹,

Li²,

Xu³

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 2017)

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Melt dripping behavior in the process of flame spread over energized electrical wire at different pressures

Wang

Wei

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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SummaryMelt dripping of polymer insulation in electrical wires is impacted by some factors, such as ambient pressure and electric current. The motivation of this paper is to investigate and discuss the effect of these factors on melt dripping characteristics in the process of flame spread over electrical wire. The results show that the number of dripping times and dripping frequency generally increase with ambient pressure reduced. No dripping phenomenon occurs when the ambient pressure is below 40 kPa at any electric current or is above 70 kPa without electric current applied. There is a good parabolic correlation between the ambient pressure and dripping frequency. The equilibrium temperature of conductor resulted by electric current increases with electric current. A critical electric current found to divide the temperature rate into two regimes is about 8 A. The dripping period and dripping frequency depend on the electric current. The dripping frequency fits well with electric current using a power‐law function. The numerical data are consistent with the experimental data. Besides, the decrease in dripping frequency is greater with ambient pressure at reduced electric current, whereas at larger electric current, the electric current, rather than the ambient pressure, dominates the increased dripping frequency.

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Electrical ignition sources in nuclear power plants: statistical, modelling and experimental studies

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires

Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires

Cable Fire Spread in Electronic Cabinet

Melt dripping behavior in the process of flame spread over energized electrical wire at different pressures

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