Electrical field-induced extraction and separation techniques: Promising trends in analytical chemistry – A review

Quantitative aspects of electrolysis in electromembrane extractions of acidic and basic analytes

“…Low cost, instrumental simplicity, minimum environmental impact and compatibility of acceptor solutions with all major analytical techniques are other advantages of EME. Several theoretical papers were published in the past describing possible models for the EME transfer of charged species [3][4][5][6][7] as well as numerous articles reviewing latest instrumental developments and applications of EMEs [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Electrical field-stimulated liquid-phase microextraction for trace analysis of pyridine and its derivatives in cigarette extract

“…By this way, basic compounds such as pyridine and its derivatives can be extracted even in the pH values that the neutral forms are dominant [24]. On the other hand as stated above, χ is decreased in pure water in comparison with acidified sample solution improving the extraction efficiency.…”

Development and evaluation of electromembrane extraction across a hollow polymer inclusion membrane

“…In addition, the membrane also functions as a cleanup filter that obstructs the transportation of neutral and high molecular mass compounds such as humic acid and proteins. This procedure has been intensively explored and found to be applicable to various charged species (see the reviews [16][17][18][19][20] mechanical stability due the leaching of the liquid phase from the membrane [21,22], the use of polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) as an alternative for electric field driven membrane extraction has recently been investigated in our laboratory [23][24][25][26]. PIMs are homogeneous, self-supporting plasticized polymeric membranes, which for these investigations consisted of cellulose triacetate as base polymer, a plasticizer, and usually an ion carrier.…”