Electrical, Electromagnetic, and Thermal Measurements of 2-D and 3-D Integrated DC/DC Converters

Saponara, Sergio; Ciarpi, Gabriele

doi:10.1109/tim.2017.2786742

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The high-temperature thermal characterization was performed by locally raising the temperature around the fabricated chip with a temperature-controlled system, avoiding the unwanted effects generated by commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices, used for the biasing of the test chip, when exposed to a high temperature [21]. Measuring the oscillation frequency for different frequency points from 27 °C to 200 °C, a frequency shift of the central frequency in the range between −3.34% and −5.72% is observed, as highlighted in Figure 12.…”

Section: Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric 5.5 GHz Three-Stage Voltage-Controlled Ring-Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS Technology

et al. 2023

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The current trend of increasing the complexity of hardware accelerators to improve their functionality is highlighting the problem of sharing a high-frequency clock signal for all integrated modules. As the clock itself is becoming the main limitation to the performance of accelerators, in this manuscript, we present the design of an asymmetric Ring Oscillator-Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (RO-VCO) based on the Current Mode Logic architecture. The RO-VCO was designed on commercial-grade 65 nm CMOS technology, and it is capable of driving large capacitance loads, avoiding the need for additional buffers for clock-trees, reducing the silicon area and power consumption. The proposed RO-VCO is composed of three closed-loop differential and asymmetrical stages, and it is able to tune the working frequency in the range from 4.72 GHz to 6.12 GHz. The phase noise and a figure of merit of −103.2 dBc/Hz and −186 dBc/Hz were obtained at 1 MHz offset from the 5.5 GHz carrier. In this article, the analytical model, full custom schematic, and layout of the proposed RO-VCO are presented and discussed in detail together with the experimental electrical and thermal characterization of the fabricated device.

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Section: Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric 5.5 GHz Three-Stage Voltage-Controlled Ring-Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS Technology

et al. 2023

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“…In general, in environments where a measurement path is exposed to electromagnetic emissions [20][21][22][23] and severe CMV issues, instrumentation amplifiers are implemented as a rule [24,25]. They exhibit excellent CMRR features [26,27], however, they tolerate rather modest CMV and their gains are higher than 1 [28], limiting their use in the presented case as shown later on.…”

Section: Two-stage Difference Amplifier Based On Instrumentation Ampl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since the value of R 1 = R G2 is already determined, the R F cannot be randomly selected. It should also fulfil (21) deducing that voltages match their maximum allowed value, summarising into…”

Section: Two-stage Difference Amplifier Based On Instrumentation Ampl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Common-Mode Voltage Based Trade-Offs in Differential-Ended and Single-Supplied Signal Conditioning Amplifiers

Petkovšek

Zajec

2021

Electronics

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This paper focuses on a differential voltage measurement in low-voltage automotive devices whose subunits are separated with a low-side safety switch. In contrast to conventional applications with high-side switches, a common-mode voltage (CMV) with negative polarity exists at the input of the signal conditioning circuitry. To overcome the shortage of dedicated integrated circuits capable of withstanding negative CMV, the paper investigates single- and two-stage differential circuits with single-supplied operational amplifiers to find a cost-optimized counterpart. In addition, the proposed procedure tunes the circuit parameters in such a manner to obtain the largest possible full-scale range at the output. Though, such optimization results in very uncommon values for gain and reference voltages. This issue is additionally evaluated for reference voltages that are either cost-effective or more easily accessible to increase the circuit feasibility. Since the impact of resistances on circuits’ behaviour could be diminished to a great extent using high-precision and matched pair resistors, the sensitivity analysis was investigated only for a reference voltage change. Furthermore, a reversed termination of measured voltages results in a simplified reference voltage selection without hindering circuits’ performance, proven by simulation and experimental results.

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“…Anyway, the semiconductor devices/switches selected for 48 V power electronic converter applications must take the different voltage level and different loads into account. They are mainly used in 48 V systems to control the electrical motors and other electric loads, in addition to connecting the 48 V and 12 V system levels by means of a DC/DC switch-mode converter [45,46].…”

Section: Active Electronic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some key features, such as integrity of the data, privacy, identification, and availability, should characterize a secure on-board communication system. However, a lot of security threats [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] characterize state-of-art technologies for on-board networking. The state-of-art is based on the use of CAN, and its evolutions time-triggered CAN (TTCAN) and flexible data-rate CAN (CAN-FD), as the backbone of the in-vehicle network.…”

Section: In-vehicle Cyber-security For New Gv Generations: Threats Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems

Mihet‐Popa

Saponara

2018

Energies

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This survey paper reviews recent trends in green vehicle electrification and digitalization, as part of a special section on “Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid”, led by the authors. First, the energy demand and emissions of electric vehicles (EVs) are reviewed, including the analysis of the trends of battery technology and of the recharging issues considering the characteristics of the power grid. Solutions to integrate EV electricity demand in power grids are also proposed. Integrated electric/electronic (E/E) architectures for hybrid EVs (HEVs) and full EVs are discussed, detailing innovations emerging for all components (power converters, electric machines, batteries, and battery-management-systems). 48 V HEVs are emerging as the most promising solution for the short-term electrification of current vehicles based on internal combustion engines. The increased digitalization and connectivity of electrified cars is posing cyber-security issues that are discussed in detail, together with some countermeasures to mitigate them, thus tracing the path for future on-board computing and control platforms.

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Electrical, Electromagnetic, and Thermal Measurements of 2-D and 3-D Integrated DC/DC Converters

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Asymmetric 5.5 GHz Three-Stage Voltage-Controlled Ring-Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS Technology

Asymmetric 5.5 GHz Three-Stage Voltage-Controlled Ring-Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS Technology

Evaluating Common-Mode Voltage Based Trade-Offs in Differential-Ended and Single-Supplied Signal Conditioning Amplifiers

Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems

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