Electrical conductivity of the ammonia-water system

Щербаков, В. В.; Artemkina, Yu. M.; Ponomareva, T. N.; Kirillov, A.D.

doi:10.1134/s0036023609020193

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Data supporting reported results can be found in the authors’ publications cited in the references [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 37 , 38 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…In this case, the experimental values of the specific electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, and metal salts fit into a single curve ( Figure 10 b). A single dependence in the coordinates (κ/κ max ) = f ( c / c max ) takes place in a wide temperature range for both strong [ 60 , 61 ] and weak [ 62 , 63 ] electrolytes.…”

Section: Specific Electrical Conductivity Of Electrolyte Solutions and The Limiting High-frequency Conductivity Of A Polar Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Characteristics, Electrical Conductivity and Solvation of Ions in Electrolyte Solutions

et al. 2021

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Solvation and association of ions in solutions largely depend on the dielectric properties of the solvent, the distance between ions in solutions, and temperature. This paper considers the effect of temperature on static dielectric constant (DC), dipole dielectric relaxation (DR) time, and limiting (ultimate) high frequency (HF) electrical conductivity (EC) of water and some polar solvents. In the investigated temperature range (0–370 °C), the static DC and DR time of water decrease, and limiting HF EC passes through a maximum at 250–300 °C with temperature growth. The dielectric characteristics of methanol, ethanol, and propanol behave in a similar way. It is shown that the existence of an HF EC temperature maximum is due to the different nature of the temperature dependences of DC and DR time. It is suggested that the same dependences are responsible for the presence of a maximum in the temperature dependences of the dissociation degree and the ionic product of water. The influence of non-electrolytes concentration as well as metal salts on the dielectric properties of their aqueous solutions is considered. The limiting HF EC of water determines the specific EC value of aqueous electrolyte solutions. Analysis of the absorption of microwave energy by polar solvents, as well as aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes and electrolytes, at a frequency of 2455 MHz is carried out. The optimal conditions for high-frequency heating of solutions have been established. The distance between ions in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts and in non-aqueous solutions of ionic liquids is calculated. It is shown that the maximum on the concentration dependence of the specific EC can be related to ions association.

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“…Data supporting reported results can be found in the authors’ publications cited in the references [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 37 , 38 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Specific Electrical Conductivity Of Electrolyte Solutions and The Limiting High-frequency Conductivity Of A Polar Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Characteristics, Electrical Conductivity and Solvation of Ions in Electrolyte Solutions

et al. 2021

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“…A solubility of~400 g/kg in water at 30°C is reported for ammonia. The electric conductivity of the ammonia-water system rapidly increases as soon as ammonia is introduced in water up to a factor 4 for 2-5 mol/L of NH 3 [46]. The surface tension decreases from 72 dynes/cm (for pure water) to~55 dynes/cm (for ammonium hydroxide 30 % in aqueous solution) [47].…”

Section: Effect Of Basic Vapors On the Spraying Current And Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Vapor Exposure for Tuning the Charge State Distribution of Proteins in Negative Electrospray Ionization: Elucidation of Mechanisms by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Girod

Antoine

Dugourd

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Manipulation for simplifying or increasing the observed charge state distributions of proteins can be highly desirable in mass spectrometry experiments. In the present work, we implemented a vapor introduction technique to an Agilent Jet Stream ESI (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) source. An apparatus was designed to allow for the enrichment of the nitrogen sheath gas with basic vapors. An optical setup, using laser-induced fluorescence and a pH-chromic dye, permits the pH profiling of the droplets as they evaporate in the electrospray plume. Mechanisms of pH droplet modification and its effect on the protein charging phenomenon are elucidated. An important finding is that the enrichment with basic vapors of the nitrogen sheath gas, which surrounds the nebulizer spray, leads to an increase in the spray current. This is attributed to an increase in the electrical conductivity of water-amine enriched solvent at the tip exit. Here, the increased current results in a generation of additional electrolytically produced OH -ions and a corresponding increase in the pH at the tip exit. Along the electrospray plume, the pH of the droplets increases due to both droplet evaporation and exposure to basic vapors from the seeded sheath gas. The pH evolution in the ESI plume obtained using pure and basic seeded sheath gas was correlated with the evolution of the charge state distribution observed in mass spectra of proteins, in the negative ion mode. Taking advantage of the Agilent Jet Stream source geometry, similar protein charge state distributions and ion intensities obtained with basic initial solutions, can be obtained using native solution conditions by seeding the heated sheath gas with basic vapors.

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“…De este modo, se podría decir que, a medida que se captura amoniaco, se produce un incremento del contenido de sales de amonio no volátiles en solución ácida, responsables de la disminución de la conductividad eléctrica. Shcherbakov et al (2009) [21] observaron que la asociación intermolecular influía en la CE del sistema amoniaco-agua, disminuyendo al aumentar la concentración de amoníaco en solución. Asimismo, esta fuerte correlación entre la concentración de ión amonio en la solución ácida y la conductividad eléctrica, indica que la conductividad, podría emplearse como parámetro de fácil medida in situ para el seguimiento de la recuperación de amoníaco por la solución ácida, frente al método tradicional de análisis de amoníaco que precisa de un laboratorio para su realización.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Desarrollo De Prototipo De Membrana Para La Captación De Gas Amoniaco en La Atmósfera De Las Granjas

Herranz¹,

Báscones²,

Cid³

et al. 2019

Congreso Ibérico De Agroingeniería

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El sector agroganadero es responsable de multitud de gases emitidos a la atmósfera, como el amoniaco, producido en la descomposición de la urea y el ácido úrico contenidos en las excretas. Este gas sigue rebasando su techo de emisión de 365,0 Gg año tras año. Entre otros problemas, el NH3 es capaz de formar aerosoles, que afectan al sistema respiratorio de las personas. Por ello, es importante reducir su concentración en el aire. Este trabajo, plantea la reducción de la concentración de NH3 en la atmósfera de una granja de porcino mediante una tecnología de membranas hidrófobas de ePTFE. Se compara con la reducción obtenida a escala de laboratorio. A lo largo de 77 días de funcionamiento continuo en granja, se ha alcanzado una recuperación máxima de NH3 de 7730,03 mg/L. En laboratorio, trabajando en discontinuo, se alcanza un máximo de emisión en 63 días, con un valor de recuperación de 3905,83 mg/L. El dispositivo propuesto funciona adecuadamente retirando NH3 del aire y recuperándolo en forma de sal de amonio. La conductividad eléctrica (CE) ha demostrado ser un parámetro útil para la medida indirecta de la concentración de amonio en solución ácida.Palabras clave: recuperación de amoniaco, purín porcino, membrana e-PTFE, membrana permeable al gas, sulfato de amonio.

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Electrical conductivity of the ammonia-water system

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Dielectric Characteristics, Electrical Conductivity and Solvation of Ions in Electrolyte Solutions

Dielectric Characteristics, Electrical Conductivity and Solvation of Ions in Electrolyte Solutions

Basic Vapor Exposure for Tuning the Charge State Distribution of Proteins in Negative Electrospray Ionization: Elucidation of Mechanisms by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Desarrollo De Prototipo De Membrana Para La Captación De Gas Amoniaco en La Atmósfera De Las Granjas

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