Electrical conductivity in thin layers of chitosan and chitosan acetate

Effects of the electrolyte content on the electrical permittivity, thermal stability, and optical dispersion of poly(vinyl alcohol)–cesium copper oxide–lithium perchlorate nanocomposite solid‐polymer electrolytes

“…The movement of the ions may have come from the existence of lattice defects in the dielectric films. Because of the influence of the external electric field, the ions may have jumped over a potential barrier from one defect site to another . This result was in good agreement with behaviors reported elsewhere …”

Cephalopod‐Derived Biopolymers for Ionic and Protonic Transistors

“…This device configuration sandwiched the active layer between metals with different work functions (in a diode‐like arrangement) and made it straightforward to probe the conductivity of the chitosan films in different environments. For such devices, the authors recorded the current as a function of the voltage and observed nonlinear characteristics, wherein the current magnitudes increased not only with temperature but also with hydration of the material (upon moving from vacuum to air), as illustrated in Figure B . The findings indicated that the mechanism of conductivity for chitosan featured both a low associated activation energy and a significant dependence on the materials' water content (hydration state).…”

“…Some of the earliest studies of the intrinsic electrical properties of chitosans were performed over a decade ago by Tkaczyk et al and Wan et al In the initial work, Tkaczyk et al investigated the conductivity of marine animal chitosans within two‐terminal devices that consisted of chitosan films contacted by gold and aluminum electrodes, as illustrated in Figure A . This device configuration sandwiched the active layer between metals with different work functions (in a diode‐like arrangement) and made it straightforward to probe the conductivity of the chitosan films in different environments.…”

“…D) Representative Nyquist plots of the imaginary versus the real components of the impedance for chitosan membranes featuring different percentages of acetylation (left) and varied molecular weights (right) for devices like the one in (C). B) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2001, IEEE.…”

“…In addition, squid mantles contain hard internal body parts called gladii (pens), as illustrated in Figure , which are vestigial remnants of the squids' ancestral protective mollusc shells and consist primarily of a polysaccharide called chitin (Figure , top right) . Derivatives of these polysaccharides have been studied for over two centuries but were shown to function as intrinsic ionic conductors only about 15 years ago . Furthermore, squid skin contains various optically active components like iridophore reflective cells, as illustrated in Figure , which play crucial roles in the squids' camouflage abilities and contain structures made up in part of proteins called reflectins (Figure , bottom) .…”