Electrical communication between electrode and dehydrogenase by a ferrocene-labeled high molecular-weight cofactor derivative: application to a reagentless biosensor

Polyethylenimine: a very useful ionic polymer in the design of immobilized enzyme biocatalysts

“…This polymer was coimmobilized in an electrode with the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to build a reagentless alcohol biosensor. 371 A similar strategy was also used to coimmobilize PEIferrocene/NAD + polymer and L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus in a gold sensor to build a reagentless L-lysine sensor. Several layers of enzyme and polymers were used to increase the sensor sensibility.…”

Amperometric Ethanol Biosensors Based on Chitosan‐NAD+‐Alcohol Dehydrogenase Films

“…However, the design of such devices is not trivial because the enzyme‐cofactor pair has to be securely integrated with the proper transducer within the biosensor. Typically, such devices have been designed by using electrocatalysts to recycle enzyme cofactors and by entrapping the enzyme and its cofactor in carbon pastes 1–18, membranes 6, 7, 10, 11, 19–31, composite materials 27, 32, 33, and assembled layers 20, 21, 28, 32, 34–36. Such approaches have generated useful electroanalytical data although they resulted in devices with limited biocompatibility and stability.…”

Efficient Enzymatic Oxidation of Glucose Mediated by Ferrocene Covalently Attached to Polyethylenimine Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles

“…Redox hydrogels represent a class of polymer which enable enzyme active sites to communicate efficiently with the electrode via covalently attached mediators . Iron (ferrocene) , osmium and ruthenium derivatives have been used as mediators so far. Heller and co‐workers have introduced a series of redox hydrogels for the fabrication of electrochemical glucose biosensors and achieved commercial success .…”