Electrical Breakdown of Nanowires

The class of materials combining high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility is crucial for the development of many future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Silver nanowire networks show very promising results and represent a viable alternative to the commonly used, scarce and brittle indium tin oxide. The science and technology research of such networks aims at better understanding the physical and chemical properties of this nanowire-based material while opening attractive new applications.

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Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review

Langley¹,

Giusti²,

Mayousse³

et al. 2013

Nanotechnology

653

510

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“…Undoubtedly, this general knowledge also applies to individual metallic nanowire and the corresponding nanowire mesh, both of which are conductors. Due to the size effects on the nanoscale (e.g., the increase in electrical resistivity [7-9] and the decrease in both thermal conductivity [10-12] and melting point [13,14]), the high current density and the substantial Joule heating induced in metallic nanowires may cause or accelerate electrical failure related to the phenomena of melting [15-17], electromigration [16,18-21], and corrosion [22]. The size effects will definitely also degrade the electrical performance of the corresponding nanowire mesh and therefore reduce the reliability of mesh-based devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of the electrical failure of a metallic nanowire mesh due to Joule heating

Tsuchiya

Tohmyoh

et al. 2013

Nanoscale Res Lett

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To precisely examine the electrical failure behavior of a metallic nanowire mesh induced by Joule heating (i.e., melting), a previously developed numerical method was modified with regard to the maximum temperature in the mesh and the electrical resistivity of the nanowire. A sample case of an Ag nanowire mesh under specific working conditions was analyzed with highly accurate numerical results. By monitoring the temperature in the mesh, the current required to trigger the melting of a mesh segment (i.e., the melting current) could be obtained. The melting process of a mesh equipped with a current source during actual operation was predicted on the basis of the obtained relationship between the melting current and the corresponding melting voltage in the numerical melting process. Local unstable and stable melting could be precisely identified for both the current-controlled and voltage-controlled current sources in the present example.

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“…This is especially important for devices that require high operation current, in which case the film conductivity keeps decreasing until their full breakdown. 250,251 Moreover, some metal NWs (e.g., Ag NWs) can be corroded through chemical reactions, such as oxidation and suffixation, which also cause the degradation of metal NWs and their related devices. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Transparent conductive electrodes are one of the essential components for organic optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is the most common transparent electrode in these devices due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. However, the manufacturing of ITO film requires precious raw materials and expensive processes, which limits their compatibility with mass production of large-area, low-cost devices. The optical/electrical properties of ITO are strongly dependent on the deposition processes and treatment conditions, whereas its brittleness and the potential damage to underlying films during deposition also present challenges for its use in flexible devices. Recently, several other transparent conductive materials, which have various degrees of success relative to commercial applications have been developed to address these issues. Starting from the basic properties of ITO and the effect of various ITO surface modification methods, here we review four different groups of materials, doped metal oxides, thin metals, conducting polymers, and nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanowires), that have been reported as transparent electrodes in organic optoelectronic materials. Particular emphasis is given to their optical/electrical and other material properties, deposition techniques, and applications in organic optoelectronic devices.

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Electrical Breakdown of Nanowires

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review

Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review

Numerical analysis of the electrical failure of a metallic nanowire mesh due to Joule heating

Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices: a review

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