Electrical arcing phenomena: a historical perspective and comparative study of the standards: IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70 E

Ammerman, Ravel; Sen, P.K.; Nelson, John P.

doi:10.1109/mias.2009.932345

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It was seen that the manual calculations provided a conservative estimate of the fault currents determined by SKM, as expected. Next, the bolted fault currents, I bf , from the SKM short circuit study were used to manually determine the arcing fault currents, I a , using the simplified 3-4-5 method derived by Ammerman, Sen, and Nelson, as shown in (1) [8]. …”

Section: Short Circuit Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the SKM results were verified by manually performing the analysis at several transformers using the equations described in Section 5 of IEEE 1584 and the equations outlined in Annex D.6 of NFPA 70E. Furthermore, the arc flash evaluation was conducted manually by implementing the 3-4-5 method, which allows the incident energy, E, to be determined directly from the three-phase bolted fault current and arc duration, t. The incident energy level in cal/cm 2 was calculated using (2) at the low-side of each transformer [8].…”

Section: E Arc Flash Hazard Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the CSM power distribution system the secondary voltage of each transformer is either 208 V or 480 V. The equation is based on the IEEE 1584 method, and assumes panelboard equipment type, an enclosed equipment configuration, an ungrounded system, and a working distance of 18 inches. Consequently, (2) provides a conservative or worst-case approximation of the incident energy level [8].…”

Section: E Arc Flash Hazard Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arc flash evaluation and hazard mitigation for the Colorado School of Mines electrical power distribution system

Larkin

Ferrera

Kohl

et al. 2009

41st North American Power Symposium

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An arc flash is the release of electrical energy during an arcing fault, which dissipates in the form of heat energy, intense light, blast pressure, severe sound waves, electromagnetic radiation, and toxic gases. The thermal energy, concussive forces, and flying debris can pose serious threats to the safety of personnel working in close proximity to electrical equipment. In order to identify the severity of an arc flash hazard at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), an arc flash hazard evaluation of the electrical power distribution system has been conducted. The arc flash analysis has been performed in accordance with NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, and IEEE 1584: Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations. The analysis of the existing system configuration has revealed that many locations on the CSM campus are in the "dangerous" arc flash hazard category, and consequently work cannot be performed on energized equipment at these locations. With an understanding of the thermal energy available, design recommendations, including the selection and coordination of fuses and circuit breakers, were investigated to reduce the severity of arc flash events. Implementation of the selected protective devices can decrease the incident energy levels of CSM locations and eliminate any instances of "dangerous" hazard risk categories. Other hazard mitigation considerations include increasing the working distance, and utilizing arc suppression blankets while performing maintenance. In addition, electrician training to promote safe work practices is strongly encouraged.

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Section: Short Circuit Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Arc Flash Hazard Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Arc Flash Hazard Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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