Electrical and optical properties of electron beam evaporated ITO thin films

George, J.; Menon, C. S.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(00)00726-x

Cited by 172 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results for the ITO thin films on glass matched the reported values. 20 The results show that the ITO-PDMS devices transmit 460% and up to 80% of the incident light across the visible range and at higher wavelengths. The limited visual impact of the ITO-PDMS combination over ITOglass is evident from the insets in Figure 3a, where a logo viewed through the ITO-PDMS is only marginally dull.…”

Section: Transmission Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Annealing of the ITO to render it transparent was performed in air at 400 1C for 1 h on establishing optimum resistivity values for the thin films. 20 Removal of platinum by ion etching was performed using an argon plasma with a working pressure of 90 mTorr and a radio frequency power of 100 W for 30 min. The transfer of the ZnO layer was similarly performed.…”

Section: Experimenal Procedures Transfer Process For Oxide To Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

et al. 2013

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Fully transparent and flexible electronic substrates that incorporate functional materials are the precursors to realising nextgeneration devices with sensing, self-powering and portable functionalities. Here, we demonstrate a universal process for transferring planar, transparent functional oxide thin films on to elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. This process overcomes the challenge of incorporating high-temperature-processed crystalline oxide materials with low-temperature organic substrates. The functionality of the process is demonstrated using indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films to realise fully transparent and flexible resistors. The ITO thin films on PDMS are shown to withstand uniaxial strains of 15%, enabled by microstructure tectonics. Furthermore, zinc oxide was transferred to display the versatility of this transfer process. Such a ubiquitous process for the transfer of functional thin films to elastomeric substrates will pave the way for touch sensing and energy harvesting for displays and electronics with flexible and transparent characteristics. INTRODUCTIONNovel micro-and nano-technology applications encompassing plasmonic devices, field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, sensor networks, electromagnetic components, terahertz metamaterials, energy harvesters and displays are increasingly demonstrated on flexible substrates. 1-7 These applications represent the building blocks of future flexible and transparent device technology incorporating complex circuitry and functionality. In integrating all the applications together to realise powerful and practical technology that is fully transparent, flexible and functional, two major challenges need to be overcome.First, the flexible substrate should ideally be transparent and colourless. A variety of colourless materials such as polyethylene 8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 1 and coloured materials such as polyimide (or Kapton) 9 are widely used. The former can withstand only low processing temperatures (o100 1C), while the yellow-brown tinted polyimide can withstand up to B400 1C. The relevance of colourless substrates to flexible device technology is highlighted by the recent research focus on this area. 10,11 Second, functional oxide materials that offer tailored properties need to be integrated. These functional oxides in the form of thin films can be transparent conductive oxides for electrical conduction, ferroelectrics for memories, piezoelectrics for energy harvesting, 12 and semiconductors or dielectrics for high-performance transistors. Almost

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Section: Transmission Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Experimenal Procedures Transfer Process For Oxide To Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…where σ mem/T C O,T ref is the Nafion/TCO conductivity at the reference temperature (300 K), E a,mem/TCO is the activation energy for Nafion (set to 2000 J mol −1 ) 27,28 and for TCO (set to 3185 J mol −1 ) 29 , respectively. The exchange-current density for the OER and HER, respectively, in the Butler-Volmer equation was defined using the activation energy…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Two designs for an integrated photoelectrolysis system that uses a 10× concentrating solar collector have been investigated in detail. The system performance was evaluated using a multi-physics model that accounted for the properties of the tandem photoabsorbers, mass transport, and the electrocatalytic performance of the oxygen-evolution and hydrogen-evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively). The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies and the ohmic losses associated with proton transport in the solution electrolyte and through the membrane of the photoelectrolysis system were evaluated systematically as a function of the cell dimensions, the operating temperatures, the bandgap combinations of the tandem cell, and the performance of both the photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts. Relative to designs of optimized systems that would operate without a solar concentrator, the optimized 10× solar concentrator designs possessed larger ohmic losses and exhibited less uniformity in the distribution of the current density along the width of the photoelectrode. To minimize resistive losses while maximizing the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, η STH , both of the designs, a two-dimensional "trough" design and a three-dimensional "bubble wrap" design, required that the electrode width or diameter, respectively, was no larger than a few millimeters. As the size of the electrodes increased beyond this limiting dimension, the η STH became more sensitive to the performance of the photoabsorbers and catalysts. At a fixed electrode dimension, increases in the operating temperature reduced the efficiency of cells with smaller electrodes, due to degradation in the performance of the photoabsorber with increasing temperature. In contrast, cells with larger electrode dimensions showed increases in efficiency as the temperature increased, due to increases in the rates of electrocatalysis and due to enhanced mass transport. The simulations indicted that cells that contained 10% photoabsorber area, and minimal amounts of Nafion or other permselective membranes (i.e. areal coverages and volumetric fractions of only a few percent of the cell), with the remaining area comprised of a suitable, low-cost inert, non porous material (flexible polymers, inert inorganic materials, etc.) should be able to produce high values of η STH , with η STH = 29.8% for an optimized design with a bandgap combination of 1.6 eV/0.9 eV in a tandem photoabsorber system at 350 K. Artificial photosynthesis could provide a promising route to largescale solar energy conversion and storage.1-4 Recent techno-economic studies have evaluated various designs for integrated photoelectrolysis systems, including a very promising system that makes use of concentrated illumination. 5,6 A discrete III-V photovoltaic cell connected electrically in series with a discrete polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has demonstrated a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 18% under 500 Suns.7 Although concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) typically i...

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“…Однако его опти-мальные условия (температура, атмосфера, продолжительность), по данным разных источников, различны и часто противоречат друг другу. Например, в работах [4,5,13] использовали отжиг в азоте, а в работах [10,[14][15][16][17] -отжиг в кислороде или на воздухе. В рабо-тах [4][5][6] применяли кратковре-менный отжиг (несколько минут) при высоких температурах 550-600 °С, а в работах [10,11,[14][15][16][17] -длительный (десятки минут или несколько часов) при сравнительно низких температурах 200-350 °С.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Поэтому трудно сопоставлять режимы. Кроме того, существуют и отдельные техноло-гические особенности используе-мых процессов, одна из которых -испарение ITO в вакууме [5,6,9,11] или с напуском кислорода в камеру [4,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Peculiarity of Forming Transparent Conducting Films on Basis of Oxides Indium-Tin for Contacts on Gan-Based Light Emitting Diodes

Ванюхин¹,

Zakharchenko²,

Каргин³

et al. 2015

Izv. vysš. učebn. zaved., Mater. èlektron. teh.

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Electrical and optical properties of electron beam evaporated ITO thin films

Cited by 172 publications

References 16 publications

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators

Peculiarity of Forming Transparent Conducting Films on Basis of Oxides Indium-Tin for Contacts on Gan-Based Light Emitting Diodes

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