Electrical and mechanical characterization of medical grade silicones as dielectric layers in aerosol jet printed dielectric elastomers

Martin, Sina; Himmler, Marcus; Bruns, Arne; Reitelshöfer, Sebastian; Pham, Duy Khanh; Schubert, Dirk W.; Franke, Jörg

doi:10.1117/12.2582508

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For instance, AJP has recently been employed for the creation of complex multicellular environments analogous to extracellular matrices for tissue engineering and drug screening; [ 197 ] the printing of biological inks toward creating cost‐effective in vitro diagnostic assays; [ 27 ] the fabrication of handmade medical devices, such as cost‐effective cochlear implants, for improved quality of life; the early diagnosis and management of medical conditions including diabetes, [ 104 ] cancers, [ 222 ] and hematological disorders [ 56 ] through low‐cost, disposable point‐of‐care devices; the construction of creative interventions such as cardiac repair patches following myocardial injuries [ 71 ] and the replication of corneal tissue for implants following injuries, disease, and congenital disabilities; [ 198 ] as well as for the development of high sensitivity perovskite photodetectors to reduce the health hazards related to strongly ionizing X‐ray photons in medical imaging. [ 74 ] In addition, progress in biocompatible materials paves the way for the development of unique wearable AJP‐based devices, including artificial muscles toward dynamic iris implants [ 207 ] and on‐body sensors that regulate body temperature and monitor health and motion, [ 208,209 ] which could ultimately benefit applications related to prosthetics and healthcare. Moreover, advancements in the integration of AJP for flexible and stretchable platforms promote the development of complex and dynamic structures as sensors that can conform to the surfaces found in soft robotics applications.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 207 ] In addition, actuators designed using a similar approach and based on stacked medical grade silicones for applications in healthcare as on‐body motion sensors were also presented by Martin et al. [ 208,209 ] Although much work remains in the area of AJP‐based actuators, these advancements offer promise toward healthcare solutions where the high energy density and highly dynamic kinematics of DEAs may successfully be applied to conformal wearables and prosthesis. Considering healthcare applications, AJP has also been utilized for mobile eye therapies, [ 97 ] cochlear implants, [ 90 ] and implantable biosystems.…”

Section: Sensor Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

Fisher

Skolrood

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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An emergent direct‐write approach, aerosol‐jet printing (AJP), is gaining attention for the deployment of rapid and affordable microadditively manufactured energy‐efficient sensors and printed electronics. AJP enables a broad range of ink viscosities (0.001–1 Pa s) for printing diverse materials ranging from ceramics and metals to polymers and biological matter. Reproducible, high‐spatial‐resolution features (≈10 µm), and wide standoff distances (1–11 mm) between the nozzle and the substrate facilitate conformal printing of complex geometrical designs on nonplanar—e.g., stepped or curved—surfaces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state‐of‐the‐art AJP‐based sensors (e.g., strain and temperature gauges, biosensors, photosensors, humidity and surface acoustic wave sensors, dielectric elastomer actuators, and motion, smoke, and hazardous gas detectors) and to discuss prospective applications. The drive toward cost‐effective devices that are smaller, lighter, and better‐performing remains a frontier challenge in the field of printed electronics. Consequently, as AJP becomes increasingly utilized in the high‐volume manufacturing of miniaturized active and passive sensors, it opens a pathway for facile large‐scale fabrication of devices for a wide range of consumer and industrial applications, including transportation, agriculture, infrastructure, aerospace, national defense, and healthcare.

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Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

Fisher

Skolrood

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…The dielectric layers were produced using 15 weight percent thinner (Silicone thinner, Smooth-On, Inc.) to increase the elasticity of the finished sensor. The used silicone as a material is commercially available and exhibits an average permittivity of 4 26 . The electrode material is produced by adding carbon black (Ketjenblack EC-600JD, Nanografi, Germany), the previously used thinner and heptane to create a highly viscous paste.…”

Section: Sensor Design and Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient swimming through electroactive polymer hydrodynamic sensing

Bruns¹,

Tang²,

Mahmoudinezhad³

et al. 2023

Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXV

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For long-range swimming fish, low cost of transportation is a critical requirement. This also applies to autonomous fishlike robots (AFR). As with their biological cohorts, AFR require sensory input that characterizes the flow of the water surrounding them. Thus, there is a need for low power hydrodynamic sensors that can be deployed on a fish-like robot, and which can provide flow information from open water conditions. Electroactive polymers offer opportunities for flow sensing on soft and flexible AFR.We developed and evaluated an approach for capacitive electroactive polymer flow sensing. This uses dielectric elastomer sensor membranes mounted on a liquid-filled cavity protruding into the flow. Flow speed and incident angle on a hydrofoil standing in for the fish are registered through electrical capacitance changes resulting from deformation of its 350μm thick membrane. Through its triple-electrode design, measurements are largely shielded against the influence of the surrounding water on the capacitor. Differences in flow speed along the sensor can be detected with high reproducibility for extended durations of time. The developed sensors were assessed regarding accuracy, reliability, and durability.For performance and long-term testing, an automated tabletop water tunnel test rig was created. This setup enables sensor testing for flows up to 1 m/s with automated incident angle control and data logging.We are thus presenting further steps towards robust ocean-faring hydrodynamic sensory systems by demonstrating advances in electroactive sensory technology and testing facilities.

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“…Since large deformations are expected, the assumptions of neo-Hookean behavior are exceeded, and a nine-parameter Mooney-Rivlin material model was chosen because it shows the best fit with our tensile strength data (Supporting Information, Table S1). [18,19] Only the static state at 3990 V driving voltage with the stated dimensions from Section 2.1.1 and the ideal behavior derived from Equation ( 1) is simulated and analyzed regarding maximized deformation as depicted in Figure 4. The simulations are derived for different combinations of different hole sizes and rim distances between the electrode and the frame (Figure 5).…”

Section: Optimized Iris Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Light Control Using Bionic Dielectric Elastomer Iris Actuators

Martin

Bruns

Franke

2022

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

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Apertures are used in optical systems to limit the luminous flux. In the human eye the iris serves this purpose but can be damaged requiring an implant, which to date is static, limiting the optical performance. The authors thus report the development of a prototype demonstrating the feasibility of a flexible dynamic iris implant manufactured with an automated manufacturing technique. The presented actuators are printed via aerosol jet printing allowing a high reliability in produced electrode quality. Through optimization of the actuator design for maximum contraction they demonstrate a pupil area reduction of 13.40% or 6.94% reduction of pupil diameter, respectively. Thereby the prototype demonstrates an illuminance reduction of 18.25% in the central visual axis. Furthermore, they present a first iteration of a bionic closed-loop control mimicking the human iris reflex thus laying the foundation for a self-controlled iris implant.

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Electrical and mechanical characterization of medical grade silicones as dielectric layers in aerosol jet printed dielectric elastomers

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

Efficient swimming through electroactive polymer hydrodynamic sensing

Dynamic Light Control Using Bionic Dielectric Elastomer Iris Actuators

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