Electric vehicles in Norway and the potential for demand response

Abstract

Norway is currently the largest market in the world for electric vehicles compared to the total number of vehicles sold, and there is also a political goal in Norway to stop the sale of new conventional cars 1 by 2025. Changing to nonemission transport can result in approx. 1.5 mill. private electric vehicles in 2030, resulting in an energy need of 4 TWh, which represents an increase of 3% of the Norwegian electricity consumption. The increased number of electric vehicles will not be an energy problem, but it can be a capacity related problem in the distribution grid if all households are charging at the same time -in addition to their usual consumption of electricity. This paper presents results from a research project evaluating the consequences of the increasing share of electric vehicles and the potential for demand response and flexibility in charging. Results are based on a survey performed among households with electric vehicles and meter data of the energy consumption from charging of a selection of the most common electrical vehicles in Norway.

Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems

“…Notably, grid congestions, power balancing, and voltage issues are anticipated as possible detriments [8]. Therefore, grid integration possibilities of EVs are investigated in several publications [16][17][18]. With adequate coordination and management strategies, EVs provide a significant level of flexibility, utilising their synergies with RES and mitigating induced problems [7,19].…”

Electric Vehicles Demonstration Projects - An Overview Across Europe

“…30% of the users have a charging station of either 16 A or 32 A at home. According to the survey, 90% of the respondents are willing to postpone the time of charging if this does not affect the user negatively, but only 56.5% are willing to postpone the time of charging if the driving distance for the next day is reduced to 80% [29].…”

Peer-to-peer trading under subscribed capacity tariffs - an equilibrium approach

“…In order to unlock flexibility from thermal storage, batteries, and electric vehicles from the end-user, a market design that incentivizes and promotes demand response is needed. Simultaneously, distribution system operators (DSO) are seeing peak trends in the distribution grid due to increasing demand and more power-intensive assets such as electric vehicles [2]. Today, most grid tariff structures are energy, and not capacity-based, meaning there is a lack of incentive to avoid high consumption peaks.…”