Electric lighting at the workplace in offices: Efficiency improvement margins of automation systems

Chiogna, Michela; Albatici, Rossano; Frattari, Antonio

doi:10.1177/1477153512461372

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Even in a shallow perimeter office space, illuminance on the workplane can vary by a factor of ten or more [60]. For practical reasons, illuminance sensors are often positioned on the ceiling [61] or on the window frame measuring vertical illuminance on the view portion of the window surface [62]. However, research on occupants' visual comfort, and lighting and blinds use behaviour has been mostly focused on workplane conditions [22].…”

Section: Control For Visual Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving energy efficiency in office buildings through adaptive control of the indoor climate

Gunay¹

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Zone level heating and cooling systems, lighting and blinds in offices have been either controlled by occupants or automated based on fixed setpoints and schedules. Occupants' control of these systems target maintaining a comfortable indoor climate with minimum number of control actions with little intention to save energy. This leads to the suboptimal utilization of daylight and passive solar heat gains. However, when they are automated to mitigate the extravagance in occupant behaviour, operators tend to choose conservative setpoints and schedules that maintain the comfort of the majority and minimize the frequency of complaints with little consideration to save energy again. Although we have been treating the building controllers as our servants maintaining fixed setpoints and schedules, they represent great potential to implement distributed artificial intelligence. To this end, within the scope of this thesis, an adaptive indoor climate control tool was developed. The tool contains novel algorithms that recursively learn from the occupancy patterns, adaptive occupant behaviours, and develop an inverse model of the heat transfer problem in each zone. The algorithms were designed to be embedded inside local building controllers to undertake the learning process in real-time using a small number of low-cost building sensors. The information derived from the occupants and the building's temperature response was used to autonomously choose operating setpoints and schedules-tailored to exploit the nuances amongst subspaces in a building. The algorithms were implemented and tested for over a year in a controls laboratory which was a shared-office space with a standalone controls network. Furthermore, iii they were implemented and tested in private offices for over a year. Energy and daylighting simulations were conducted to analyze alternative scenarios regarding the design of these algorithms. Implementation results indicate that the use of adaptive indoor climate control algorithms developed in this thesis can substantially reduce the space heating, cooling, and lighting loads in office buildings-without adversely affecting the occupant comfort. The simulation results indicate that adaptive control of the indoor climate not only reduces the expected load intensities but also reduces the risk of poor operational decisions leading to discomfort and excessive energy use. iv Hofstadter 's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter 's Law.

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Section: Control For Visual Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving energy efficiency in office buildings through adaptive control of the indoor climate

Gunay¹

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“…Another study compared the illuminance measured by ceiling-mounted sensors with illuminance meters placed on desks, and found a difference of up to 350 lux and 1000 lux on a typical spring and summer day respectively (Chiogna, Albatici and Frattari, 2013). They concluded that by adjusting the ceiling sensor value with correction functions, can yield an energy savings of up to 10%, by reducing the unnecessary use times for electric lighting.…”

Section: Sensors Detecting Light Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature review - Energy saving potential of user-centered integrated lighting solutions

2021

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Measures for the reduction of electric energy loads for lighting have predominantly focussed on increasing the efficiency of lighting systems. This efficiency has now reached levels unthinkable a few decades ago. However, a focus on mere efficiency is physically limiting, and does not necessarily ensure that the anticipated energy savings actually materialize. There are technical and non-technical reasons because of which effective integration of lighting solutions and their controls, and thus a reduction in energy use, does not happen.

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“…In the first six years of Reading University’s carbon management programme which started in 2009, lighting retrofit projects made up 12% of the total carbon energy efficiency projects and the nine lighting upgrades cost a total of £810,532 and achieved savings of £164,951 per annum and 800 tCO 2 e. Lighting incurs a significant financial and carbon cost: although engineering standards for lighting specifications and codes of practice detail optimum and quality lighting solutions 1 there is little attention paid to how these lighting systems perform in practice. 2 While the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) guidance suggests training should be given in the use of lighting controls, the theoretical and practical impact of training 4000 staff and invited public speakers indicates that intuitive lighting controls are essential in all university spaces and could negate the need for training if designed properly. Although this issue is most salient for higher education institutions dealing with a large annual turnover of staff and students, it clearly also arises for any large organisation, in particular ones in the public sector where large numbers of visitors are interacting with lighting and, potentially, lighting controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Users’ experiences of lighting controls: A case-study

Someren

Beaman

Shao

2017

Lighting Research & Technology

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The aim of this paper is to elucidate how occupants perceive their lit environments in a university setting and how they interact with lighting controls using qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with academic teaching and research staff. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: control and choice, connection with the outdoors, concentration and comfort. Participants were largely able to control and adapt their lighting using small power lighting in office spaces and they perceived this as beneficial to comfort and concentration. Participants expressed frustration with the light switches in classrooms, and a lack of consistency in lighting controls across the university buildings was particularly notable. Installers should consider how piecemeal upgrades on large estates affect the perception of buildings where occupiers face multiple control systems. The management of the lighting in classroom spaces including the type and location of blinds, lack of regular window cleaning in some buildings and difficulty in minimising light on projection screens in upgraded classrooms were cited as areas for improvement. Wider implications for lighting control and management highlighted by this study include most notably that a lack of end users consultation has serious consequences on their perception of lighting upgrades and their willingness to employ 'workarounds.'

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Electric lighting at the workplace in offices: Efficiency improvement margins of automation systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Improving energy efficiency in office buildings through adaptive control of the indoor climate

Improving energy efficiency in office buildings through adaptive control of the indoor climate

Literature review - Energy saving potential of user-centered integrated lighting solutions

Users’ experiences of lighting controls: A case-study

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