Electric Field Quenching of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence

Naumov, Anton V.; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Tsyboulski, Dmitri A.; Weisman, R. Bruce

doi:10.1021/nl0800974

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…PL quenching occurs either by the presence of metallic SWCNTs, by adsorbed metallic particles, or by covalent and non‐covalent functionalization. This structure‐dependent luminescence of semiconducting SWCNTs on functionalization and environment has been extensively studied with the goal to monitor any electronic perturbation and the corresponding shifts of the excitonic transition energies 16–19. Indeed, the controlled functionalization of SWCNTs opens various possibilities to tune the electronic properties and to promote PL visualization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Enhancement of Photoluminescence in Filled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Liu

Kuzmany

Ayala

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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The insertion of organometallic molecules into the hollow core of singlewalled carbon nanotubes can drastically change their properties. Using biocompatible standardized suspensions of pristine, opened, and fi lled nanotubes, a very selective enhancement of the photoluminescence and optical absorption is observed. Via ferrocene encapsulation, the PL signal increases almost by a factor of three for tubes with chiralities such as (8,6) and (9,5). This behavior is attributed to a local electron charge transfer from the ferrocene molecules that balances out the p-type doping of the nanotubes resulting from the modifi ed charge distribution of the surfactant molecules and the opening process. The near infrared photoluminescence of the nanotubes in solution is strongly enhanced when ferrocene is encapsulated. The diameter-dependent charge transfer is additionally confi rmed by fi rst principles calculations. These fi ndings highlight an essential ingredient to optimize the application of solvated nanotubes, for instance, as in-vivo near infrared sensors in biomedical research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Enhancement of Photoluminescence in Filled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Liu

Kuzmany

Ayala

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Interpretation by carrier extraction 5 has difficulties explaining exciton dissociation and carrier drift from the center of the trench to the contacts. Since fields perpendicular to the nanotube axis do not cause much quenching, 4 it is likely that electrostatic doping plays an important role. Phase-space filling and dopinginduced exciton relaxation have been suggested as possible mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gate-induced blueshift and quenching of photoluminescence in suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2011

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Gate-voltage effects on photoluminescence spectra of suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes are investigated. Photoluminescence microscopy and excitation spectroscopy are used to identify individual nanotubes and to determine their chiralities. Under an application of gate voltage, we observe slight blueshifts in the emission energy and strong quenching of photoluminescence. The blueshifts are similar for different chiralities investigated, suggesting extrinsic mechanisms. In addition, we find that the photoluminescence intensity quenches exponentially with gate voltage. PACS numbers: 78.67.Ch, 85.35.Kt, Understanding of electric-field effects on optical emission from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is a key to the development of carbon-based nanoscale optoelectronics. 1 It has been shown that electric fields can drive light emission in SWCNTs. 2,3 In comparison, photoluminescence (PL) is quenched by an application of electric fields. Micelle-encapsulated SWCNTs show a reduction of PL intensity by electric fields along the tube axis. 4 Similar quenching occurs in suspended nanotubes within field-effect transistor (FET) structures. 5-7 Such strong quenching of PL has made it difficult to unambiguously resolve shifts in the emission spectra, in contrast to absorption measurements where redshifts due to the Stark effect 8 and doping-induced screening 6 have been observed. Detailed PL spectroscopy on nanotubes with determined chirality would help clarify the role of these effects on optical emission.Here we report on gate-voltage dependence of PL spectra in individual suspended SWCNTs. As-grown nanotubes within FET structures are identified by PL imaging using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Excitation spectroscopy is used to determine their chirality, and PL spectra are collected as a function of gate voltage. Surprisingly, we find that the emission blueshifts when the gate voltages are applied. Furthermore, the PL intensity decreases exponentially with gate voltage, and we find that a model assuming doping-induced exciton relaxation proportional to carrier density 9,10 cannot account for all of the quenching observed.The suspended nanotube FETs [ Fig. 1(a)] are fabricated on p-type Si substrates with 100-nm-thick oxide. We begin by etching 1-µm wide trenches with a depth of ∼ 5 µm. The wafer is then annealed at 900 • C in oxygen for an hour to form an oxide layer inside the trenches. 1-nm Ti and 15-nm Pt are deposited for source and drain contacts, and then catalyst areas are defined on the drain electrodes. Co acetate and fumed silica are dissolved in ethanol, and deposited on the wafer. Finally, carbon nanotubes are grown by chemical vapor deposition using ethanol as a carbon source. 11 Typical device characteristics are shown in Fig. 1(b), and we note that these devices show hysteresis due to water adsorption. 12 PL spectra are collected with a home-built laser scanning confocal microscope. 13 An output of a continuouswave Ti:sapphire laser is focused onto the sample with an objective lens, and a...

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“…In our case, we estimate an effective transverse applied field on the order of 0.01 MV/cm, implying a Stark effect of at most 0.3 meV [67], far less than our observed spectral shifts. In addition, prior experimental investigations reported the absence of any detectable spectral shifts for transverse electric fields up to 0.2 MV/cm [68], and a shift of 0.35 meV for a transverse field of 1.6 MV/cm [69]. On this basis, we ignore the role of the dc Stark effect in our measurements.…”

Section: B Exciton Energy Shiftmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tunable electronic correlation effects in nanotube-light interactions

et al. 2015

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Electronic many-body correlation effects in one-dimensional (1D) systems such as carbon nanotubes have been predicted to strongly modify the nature of photoexcited states. Here we directly probe this effect using broadband elastic light scattering from individual suspended carbon nanotubes under electrostatic gating conditions. We observe significant shifts in optical transition energies, as well as line broadening, as the carrier density is increased. The results demonstrate the role of screening of many-body electronic interactions on the different length scales, a feature inherent to quasi-1D systems. Our findings further demonstrate the possibility of electrical tuning of optical transitions and provide a basis for understanding of various optical phenomena in carbon nanotubes and other quasi-1D systems in the presence of charge carrier doping.

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Electric Field Quenching of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Selective Enhancement of Photoluminescence in Filled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Selective Enhancement of Photoluminescence in Filled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Gate-induced blueshift and quenching of photoluminescence in suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes

Tunable electronic correlation effects in nanotube-light interactions

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