Electric Field-Modulated Non-ohmic Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Fibers in Polar Liquids

Terrones, Jeronimo; Elliott, James A.; Vilatela, Juan J.; Windle, Alan H.

doi:10.1021/nn5030835

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Depending on the specific synthesis parameters, the fibres may be composed of a variety of nanotubes, from large diameter few-wall tubes to almost exclusively small diameter single-wall tubes [20, 21]. Nevertheless, all samples tested showed a similar behaviour on immersion and removal from organic liquids and a non-ohmic behaviour in polar ones [16]. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact through van der Waals forces and to self-assemble into axially aligned bundles or ‘ropes’ similar to the one shown in figure 1(a).…”

Section: Structure Of Direct-spun Cnt Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our first report of the non-ohmic effect, [16], we compared the strength of the electrodynamic force due to current flowing in the fibre, , to that of the electrostatic force due to charge being accumulated at interbundle junctions, . Using a conservative value of 50 nm for the junction length, we found that the electrostatic force was at least three orders of magnitude stronger than the electrodynamic force.…”

Section: Balance Between Surface and Elastic Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the interactions between carbon nanotube (CNT) fibres [1–4] and their surrounding environment is not only interesting from a scientific standpoint but could also lead to the development of the next generation of energy transmission and storage materials [5–7], high-performance multifunctional composites [8–12], and sensors and actuators [12–16]. Those fibres, directly-spun from a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor [3, 17], or spun from solid arrays of CNTs [4, 18], have highly porous yarn-like structures with accessible specific surface areas ranging from 70 to 200 m 2 g −1 [8, 17, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work [16, 19], we discussed the interactions between direct-spun CNT fibres and several organic liquids. We found that, on immersion, the liquids (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of the non-ohmic effect in air and nonpolar liquids (i.e. carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, and toluene) was attributed to their smaller dielectric constants, , resulting in a tenfold reduction of the strength of electrostatic forces [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The electro-structural behaviour of yarn-like carbon nanotube fibres immersed in organic liquids

Terrones

Windle

Elliott

2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Yarn-like carbon nanotube (CNT) fibres are a hierarchically-structured material with a variety of promising applications such as high performance composites, sensors and actuators, smart textiles, and energy storage and transmission. However, in order to fully realize these possibilities, a more detailed understanding of their interactions with the environment is required. In this work, we describe a simplified representation of the hierarchical structure of the fibres from which several mathematical models are constructed to explain electro-structural interactions of fibres with organic liquids. A balance between the elastic and surface energies of the CNT bundle network in different media allows the determination of the maximum lengths that open junctions can sustain before collapsing to minimize the surface energy. This characteristic length correlates well with the increase of fibre resistance upon immersion in organic liquids. We also study the effect of charge accumulation in open interbundle junctions and derive expressions to describe experimental data on the non-ohmic electrical behaviour of fibres immersed in polar liquids. Our analyses suggest that the non-ohmic behaviour is caused by progressively shorter junctions collapsing as the voltage is increased. Since our models are not based on any property unique to carbon nanotubes, they should also be useful to describe other hierarchical structures.

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Section: Structure Of Direct-spun Cnt Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Balance Between Surface and Elastic Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work [16, 19], we discussed the interactions between direct-spun CNT fibres and several organic liquids. We found that, on immersion, the liquids (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The electro-structural behaviour of yarn-like carbon nanotube fibres immersed in organic liquids

Terrones

Windle

Elliott

2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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A Composite Fabrication Sensor Based on Electrochemical Doping of Carbon Nanotube Yarns

Fernández-Toribio

Íñiguez-Rábago

Vilà

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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This work shows evidence of conventional liquid and polymer molecules doping macroscopic yarns made up of carbon nanotubes (CNT), an effect that is exploited to monitor polymer flow and thermoset curing during fabrication of a structural composite by vacuum infusion. The sensing mechanism is based on adsorption of liquid/polymer molecules after infiltration into the porous fibers. These molecules act as dopants that produce large changes in longitudinal fiber resistance, closely related to the low density of carriers near the Fermi level of bulk samples of CNT fibers, reminiscent of their low‐dimensional constituents. A 25% decrease in fiber resistance upon exposure to electron–donor radicals formed during epoxy vinyl ester polymerization is shown as an example. At later stages of curing the matrix undergoes shrinkage and applies a compressive stress to the fibers. The resulting sharp increase in electrical resistance provides a mechanism for detection of the matrix gel point. The kinetics of resistance change during polymer ingress are related to established models for macromolecular adsorption, thus also enabling prediction of polymer flow. This is demonstrated for vacuum infusion of a 150 cm2 glass fiber laminate composite, with the CNT fiber yarns giving accurate prediction of macroscopic resin flow according to Darcy's law.

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In Situ Direct Laser Writing of 3D Graphene‐Laden Microstructures

Restaino

Eckman

Alsharhan

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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A wide range of applications rely on the ability to integrate electrically conductive microstructures with microfluidic channels. To bypass the planar geometric restrictions of conventional microfabrication processes, researchers have recently explored the use of “Direct Laser Writing (DLW)”—a submicron‐scale additive manufacturing (or “3D printing”) technology—for creating conductive microfeatures with fully 3D configurations. Despite considerable progress in the development of DLW‐compatible photomaterials, thermal post‐processing requirements to support electrical conductivity remain a critical barrier to microfluidics integration. In this work, novel graphene‐laden photocomposites are investigated to enable DLW‐based printing of true 3D conductive microstructures directly inside of enclosed microchannels (i.e., in situ). Photoreactive composite materials comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) particle concentrations of up to 10 wt% exhibited high compatibility with DLW, with minimal optical interference at critical wavelengths. Developed rGO‐photocomposites revealed an ultimate DC conductivity of 9.85 ± 0.48 × 10−5 S m−1. Experimental results for DLW of 3D microcoils (1 wt% rGO; wire diameter = 10 µm; coil diameter = 40 µm) revealed an impedance of 2.71 ± 0.12 MΩ at 2 MHz. In addition, results for in situ DLW of geometrically sophisticated rGO‐laden microstructures suggest utility of the presented approach for potential 3D microelectronics‐based microfluidic applications.

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Electric Field-Modulated Non-ohmic Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Fibers in Polar Liquids

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

The electro-structural behaviour of yarn-like carbon nanotube fibres immersed in organic liquids

The electro-structural behaviour of yarn-like carbon nanotube fibres immersed in organic liquids

A Composite Fabrication Sensor Based on Electrochemical Doping of Carbon Nanotube Yarns

In Situ Direct Laser Writing of 3D Graphene‐Laden Microstructures

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