Electric-field gradients at theIn111andCd

Different crystal chemistries of the117Cd→117Ohkubo1, Murakami2, Saito3 et al. 1999Phys. Rev. B84110View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…Since the lattice site of 0.59 mol % In in 6 mol % Mg-doped congruent LiNbO 3 had been determined by the PIXE ͑proton-induced x-ray emission͒ channeling technique to be the Li site, 6 it was concluded that both In ͑a small amount͒ and Cd ͑a trace amount͒ occupy the Li site in undoped and Mg-doped LiNbO 3 . 5 By comparing our result on 111 Cd with that obtained by Hauer et al, we confirmed that 0.5 mol % Cd occupy the Li site in LiNbO 3 . Since the ratio 2.27͑2͒ of the quadrupole frequency Q of 117 In to that of 111 Cd, both measured at 4.2 K, coincides with the value of 2.3 estimated on the assumption of purely ionic states of In and Cd, i.e., In 3ϩ and Cd 2ϩ , we concluded that 117 In and…”

“…4,5 Considering that LiTaO 3 is isostructural to LiNbO 3 and that a well-defined Q of 111 Cd was also observed in LiTaO 3 , the temperature dependence of which being similar to that in LiNbO 3 at temperatures below T C of LiTaO 3 , we conclude that a small amount of Cd also occupies the Li sites in LiTaO 3 . Although the maximum recoil energy of 117 In given in the ␤ Ϫ decay of Cd.…”

“…4 We observed well-defined, essentially single, static electric quadrupole interactions at 117 In and 111 Cd in the samples. It was already reported that a trace amount of Cd and a small amount of In occupy the Li sites in LiNbO 3 : Hauer et al 5 studied, utilizing the TDPAC technique, the electric quadrupole interactions at 111 Cd͑← 111 In͒ in undoped congruent LiNbO 3 single crystals and at 111 Cd(← 111m Cd) in undoped and 6-mol % Mg-doped congruent LiNbO 3 single crystals after implantation of a maximum concentration of 2ϫ10 18 111 In/cm 3 and of 1ϫ10 18 111m Cd/cm 3 , respectively. They observed two quadrupole frequencies, differing from each other by only about 5%, in each of the above three systems, and each electric quadrupole frequency was the same in the three systems.…”

Doping of Ga2O3bulk crystals and NWs by ion implantation

“…The technique applies radioactive nuclei with appropriate excited states, where their magnetic and quadrupole moments interact with the outer magnetic field (B) and / or electric field gradients (EFGs) from the host. The measurement relies on the hyperfine interaction of the EFG with the nuclear quadrupole moment of the intermediate state of a γ−γ cascade in the daughter nucleus 31,32 . The PAC experimental observable is the "anisotropy ratio" function R(t), a histogram build as a function of time between detection of γ1 and detection of γ2, during decay of about 10 11 -10 12 atoms.…”

Ion beam channeling and hyperfine interaction analysis for the characterization of stoichiometry and anti-site population in LiNbO3

“…As discussed previously [12] for measurements in a congruent crystal, 111 Cd replaces Li but the PAC spectra cannot be described by only one quadrupole interaction frequency. In fact, the Fourier analysis of the spectra shows a second frequency with a value only slightly higher than the main component.…”