Electric field changes generated by the preliminary breakdown for the negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Malaysia and Sweden

Baharudin, Zikri Abadi; Fernando, Mahendra; Ahmad, Noor Azlinda; Mäkelä, Jarmo; Rahman, Mahbubur; Cooray, Vernon

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.04.009

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As summarized by [20], such percentage apparently varies with latitude. The smallest percentage is 19%, Despite the fact that many counties already reported the PBP preceding positive return stroke [4,6,16,21,22], apart from our own study reported in [23], this is the first time preliminary breakdown preceding positive lightning in Malaysia is reported. The initial polarity of PBP in negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) lightning is always the same as that of the first return stroke.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…The buffer circuit consists of an MSK0033 buffer amplifier, capacitor and resistors. The input impedance of MSK0033 is 10 12 Ω. RG58 coaxial cables were used in all connections except for the DSO-PC connection. The oscilloscope was set 150 ms pre-trigger mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest amplitude of PBP is usually much smaller than that of the following return stroke, but sometimes it can be comparable or even larger than that of the return stroke [8]. The time interval between PBP and the first return stroke is in the order of 10ms, with a maximum and minimum of several hundred milliseconds [4,17,18] and few millisecond [5,18,19], respectively. The percentage of CG lightning with discernable PBP varies significantly in different studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis on Preliminary Breakdown Pulses of Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Malaysia

Wooi¹,

Abdul‐Malek²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

IJECE

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This aim of this paper is to study the preliminary breakdown pulses (PBP) of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning flashes in Malaysia. There is a difference in PBP characteristics when a comparison is made between positive and negative flashes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time the PBP characteristics preceding positive lightning in Malaysia are reported. This study was carried out in Johor Bahru, Malaysia using a broadband antenna system during a monsoon period (Oct-Dec, 2012). It is found that the PBP for +CG lightning is much more complicated compared to the positive cloud-to-ground (-CG) lightning since only negative PBP trains are usually present in the -CG lightning. Out of 21 analyzed positive flashes, four types of PBP trains were identified according to their initial polarities. These are negative PBP (20%), positive PBP (15%), PBP with polarity reversal (10%), and PBP with irregular polarity (15%). The balance 40% of flashes is without any PBP. The effect of geographical region may also cause the observed differences in the cloud discharge processes including the types of PBP. More studies are needed to determine the relationship between the return stroke and PBP.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis on Preliminary Breakdown Pulses of Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Malaysia

Wooi¹,

Abdul‐Malek²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

IJECE

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“…The criteria used at this step were optimized by the trial-and-error method to achieve the best discrimination of lightning-generated pulses from residual noise. The −1.4 ms upper limit for the pulse search window was needed to exclude pulses generated by the stepped leader near ground; also, no PB-RS intervals shorter than 1.4 ms were reported for Florida lightning in [17,21]. At the end of this step, we have amplitudes and widths of all pulses in the search window.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Preliminary Breakdown and Return Stroke Processes in High-Intensity Negative Lightning Discharges

2016

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Abstract:Using an automated data processing algorithm, we examined electric field records of 5498 negative cloud-to-ground flashes reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) within 50 to 500 km of the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville (LOG), Florida. Out of the 5498 flashes, 3496 (64%) had detectable preliminary breakdown (PB) pulse trains. Only 3077 flashes with a single PB pulse train and NLDN-reported first-return-stroke (RS) peak current ≥50 kA were selected for detailed analysis. The arithmetic mean values of PB pulse train duration, PB-RS interval, and PB/RS pulse peak ratio were 2.7 ms, 8.8 ms, and 0.15, respectively. The PB-RS interval was found to decrease with increasing RS peak current (Spearman correlation coefficient was statistically significant and equal to −0.80). The range-normalized PB pulse peak exhibited statistically significant positive correlation with the RS peak current, with Spearman correlation coefficient being 0.48. Thus, it appears that the high-intensity (≥50 kA) negative lightning is characterized by shorter (and, by inference, faster) stepped leaders and more pronounced PB pulse trains.

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“…Detailed description on the antenna system and the buffer electronic circuits can be found in [32]. Further readings can also be found in [15,16] since the antenna systems used were identical.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Preliminary Breakdown Pulses in Positive Ground Flashes during Summer Thunderstorms in Sweden

et al. 2016

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This paper presents the characteristics of the preliminary breakdown pulses (PBP) in 51 positive ground flashes recorded during 2014 summer thunderstorms in Sweden. Electric field measurements were conducted remotely using a broadband antenna system (up to 100 MHz) for a recording length of 1 s with 200 ms trigger time. In the analysis, PBP trains were observed in 86% of the cases. Based on the number of trains preceding the first return stroke, the PBP were classified into single and multiple train PBP. Characteristics of the first PBP train were determined and based on the initial polarity of the pulses, three types of PBP were identified. Characteristics of the subsequent PBP trains in the multiple train PBP were also analyzed and they were compared with the first PBP train. Based on the conceptual charge cloud configuration, we found that the inverted dipole is consistent with our observation. We also found that PBP in positive ground flashes during summer thunderstorms in Sweden are weak since the average ratios of the PBP peak to the first return stroke peak lie only between 0.21 and 0.26. Possible reasons for no detection of PBP and the different types of PBP observed were also discussed.

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Electric field changes generated by the preliminary breakdown for the negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Malaysia and Sweden

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Statistical Analysis on Preliminary Breakdown Pulses of Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Malaysia

Statistical Analysis on Preliminary Breakdown Pulses of Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Malaysia

A Study of Preliminary Breakdown and Return Stroke Processes in High-Intensity Negative Lightning Discharges

Characteristics of Preliminary Breakdown Pulses in Positive Ground Flashes during Summer Thunderstorms in Sweden

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