Electric field assisted motion of a mercury droplet

Holló, Gábor; Suematsu, Nobuhiko J.; Ginder, Elliott; Lagzi, István

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80375-1

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…An additional application of liquid metal actuation is powering the movement of the robot boat by the continuous electrowetting approach . Another interesting aspect is that liquid metal droplets are able to solve complicated mazes due to the application of the electrochemical driving force and the fact that the liquid metal always moves toward the steepest decent of the local electrical field potential. , …”

Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…128 Another interesting aspect is that liquid metal droplets are able to solve complicated mazes due to the application of the electrochemical driving force and the fact that the liquid metal always moves toward the steepest decent of the local electrical field potential. 129,130 By directly applying a potential to the liquid metal, the interfacial tension of the liquid metal can be altered substantially (between around 500 mN/m to below 50 mN/ m). This can be exploited for controlled deformation of the liquid metal.…”

Section: T T T Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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Gallium-based liquid metals have gained plenty of attention in the scientific community due to their extraordinary properties. The most intriguing properties of liquid metals are high surface tension, density anomaly, high electrical and thermal conductivity, phase transition, and their temperature and low viscosity in combination with their low toxicity. Though there are many reports of the physical properties of gallium-based liquid metals, some of these are highly scattered and inconsistent. Therefore, we compile literature data of these aspects of gallium-based liquid metals, point out general relationships of these physical parameters, and unravel inconsistencies in the literature. Subsequently, we state reasons for the observed scatter and recommend science-based values researchers should employ. Furthermore, we discuss important dependencies between the physical parameters, introduce methods to alter the physical parameters, and introduce selected applications based on changing the physical properties. Finally, we point out open questions concerned with the physical parameters of liquid metals, which should be investigated in the future.

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Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T T T Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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“…In a related work, Čejková et al 10 found that a gradient in salt concentration could drive the translational motion of alcohol droplets in an aqueous solution of sodium decanoate. Manipulation of the motion of a mercury droplet submerged in a conductive liquid medium by using a direct electric field was studied by Hollo et al 11 . The electric potential drop across the droplet was found to generate Marangoni flow within the liquid which drives the droplet to move towards the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrotaxis behavior of droplets composed of aqueous Belousov-Zhabotinsky solutions suspended in oil phase

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Wang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Taxis is ubiquitous in biological and physical chemistry systems as a response to various external stimulations. We prepared aqueous droplets containing Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) solutions suspended on an oleic acid oil phase subject to DC electric field and found that these BZ droplets undergo chemically driven translational motion towards the negative electrode under DC electric field. This electrotaxis phenomenon originates from the field-induced inhomogeneous distribution of reactants, in particular Br$$^{-}$$ - ions, and consequently the biased location of the leading centers towards the positive electrode. We define the ’leading center’ (LC) as a specific location within the droplet where the BZ chemical wave (target pattern) is initiated. The chemical wave generated from the LC propagates passing the droplet center of mass and creates a gradient of interfacial tension when reaching the droplet-oil interface on the other side, resulting in a momentum exchange between the droplet and oil phases which drives the droplet motion in the direction of the electric field. A greater electric field strength renders a more substantial electrotaxis effect.

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“…One is the asymmetry incorporated in the system, like the asymmetric position of camphor grains on a boat 14 or a gradient patterned artificially into the environment. [15][16][17] An example of the latter is artificial chemotaxis which has been intensively studied. 12,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Such surfers are propelled by a chemical gradient, where the symmetry is already broken thus making the self-propulsion stable and predetermined in a directional sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%