Electric buses: A review of alternative powertrains

Mahmoud, Moataz; Garnett, Ryan; Ferguson, Mark; Kanaroglou, Pavlos

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.019

Cited by 294 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Electric bus fleets can be emission-free, easy to integrate into an existing infrastructure, ecological and customer-friendly but according to [38] due to their expensive technology, lifecycle costs can be much higher in comparison to diesel or hybrid buses, for now at least. The selection process of electric technology is highly sensitive to operational context and the energy profile of the city host but recent research [39] highlights that hybrid buses, due to their significantly lesser capacity to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would be suitable only for short-term objectives as a stepping-stone towards full electrification of transit. Overnight battery electric bus is advocated as the most suitable solution going forward.…”

Section: Electric Busesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A smarter transport system that caters for social, economic and environmental sustainability is arguably one of the most critical prerequisites for creating pathways to more livable urban futures. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art analysis of a selection of mobility initiatives that may dictate the future of urban transportation and make cities smarter. These are mechanisms either recently introduced with encouraging uptake so far and much greater potential to contribute in a shift to a better transport paradigm or still in an embryonic stage of their development and yet to be embraced as powerful mechanisms that could change travel behaviour norms. Autonomous and connected vehicles are set to revolutionise the urban landscape by allowing machines to take over driving that for over a century has been exclusively a human activity, while electrical vehicles are already helping decarbonising the transport sector. Bus rapid transit has been steadily reinventing and rebranding conventional bus services revitalising the use of the humblest form of public transport, while hyperloop is an entirely new, disruptive, and somewhat provocative, travel mode proposition based on the use of sealed tube systems through which pods could travel free of air resistance with speeds exceeding 1000 km/h. Shared use mobility mechanisms like car-sharing, ride-sharing, ride-sourcing and public bicycles can help establishing a culture for using mobility resources on an as-needed basis, while mobility-as-a-service will take this sharing culture a step further, offering tailored mobility and trip planning packages that could entirely replace the need for privately owned modes of transport.

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Section: Electric Busesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

et al. 2017

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“…The next steps in the decarbonization of the transport sector should aim at simultaneous reduction of emissions and improvement of energy efficiency (Xylia and Silveira, 2017). This can be made possible with electric powertrains, which have much lower energy consumption per vehicle-kilometer than the commonly used diesel and gas powertrains (Mahmoud et al, 2016;Tzeng et al, 2005). In Sweden, emissions reductions can be quite significant since electricity originates largely from renewable sources and nuclear power (SKL, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Xylia

Leduc

Patrizio

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

224

101

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Highlights Presenting an optimization model for the location of electric bus charging stations.  Model application to a large-scale case study for the bus network of Stockholm, Sweden.  Results show that low fuel costs for electricity can balance annual infrastructure costs.  Emissions decrease up to 51% and energy consumption up to 34% with electrification.  The model may assist decision-making for investments in public transport.Keywords electric bus; charging infrastructure; optimization; Mixed Integer Linear Programing; public transport; Sweden AbstractCharging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet.

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“…However, the market distribution of electric buses shows that the Asia Pacific regions, mainly China and India, will dominate the electric bus market with estimated CAGR of 6.3%. This is compared to 3.9% in Europe, 3.6% in North America, and 6.3% in Latin America as detailed in Figure 2. Taking into account the Asia Pacific bus market share (40.9%), the estimates show that 75% of all electric buses will be introduced in Asia Pacific [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is compared to 3.9% in Europe, 3.6% in North America, and 6.3% in Latin America as detailed in Figure 2. Taking into account the Asia Pacific bus market share (40.9%), the estimates show that 75% of all electric buses will be introduced in Asia Pacific [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Using of Non-Conventional Fuels in Hybrid Vehicle Drives

Bárta¹,

Mruzek²,

Kendra³

et al. 2016

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Electric or hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly common on roads. While electric vehicles are still more or less intended for city traffic, hybrid vehicles allow normal use due to wider driving range. The use of internal combustion engines in hybrid drives is still an inspiration to find the way to reduce the production of emissions. Numbers of alternative energy resources were studied as a substitution of conventional fuels for hybrid vehicles drives worldwide. The paper deals with the possibility of using alternative fuels as CNG, LPG and LNG in combination with hybrid drive of a midibus with the capacity of 20 passengers. Various aspects and techniques of hybrid vehicles from energy management system, propulsion system and using of various alternative fuels are explored in this paper. Other related fields of hybrid vehicles such as changes of vehicle weight or influence of electric energy sources on the total vehicle emission production are also included.

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Electric buses: A review of alternative powertrains

Cited by 294 publications

References 45 publications

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Using of Non-Conventional Fuels in Hybrid Vehicle Drives

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