Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Lang, Wilfried; Cheyne, Douglas; Höllinger, Peter; Gerschlager, Willi; Lindinger, G.

doi:10.1016/0926-6410(95)00037-2

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…M2 activity was re c o rded during IM trials (50-100 ms), but not during somatosensory trials. The M2 activity during IM trials is consistent with previous studies [3][4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

Amo

Criado

Otis

2006

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-This study determined whether the activity of the secondary motor cortex (M2) could be re c o rded during imagined movements (IM) of the right and left hand using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results during IM were compared with a somatosensory trial during a passive tactile stimulation in one subject. During the somatosensory trial, dipoles were detected in somatosensory (SS) and motor primary (M1) areas, scoring 94.4-98.4% for SS, 1.6-5.6% for M1 and 0% for M2. During the IM trial, dipoles were detected in SS, M1 and M2 areas, scoring 61.1-68.8% for SS, 2.6-9.3% for M1 and 28.6-29.6% for M2. These data support the hypothesis that M2 areas are activated during imagined hand movements. This study aims for the development of a diagnosis test for patients with motor deficits by evaluating the whole somatomotor network with specific interest in M2 areas.KEY WORDS: secondary motor cortex, somatosensory areas, motor primary areas, magnetoencephalography (MEG), motor imagined movements. Registro magnetoencefalográfico de áreas motoras secundárias durante simulação interna do movimentoRESUMO -Este estudo determina se a atividade motora secundária cortical (M2) pode ser gravada durante simulação interna do movimento (IM) das mãos direita e esquerda utilizando-se magnetencefalografia (MEG). Os resultados da simulação dos movimentos estudados foram comparados com um ensaio somato-sensorial com estimulação tactil passiva em um sujeito. Durante o ensaio somato-sensorial dipolos foram detectados em áreas somato-sensoriais (SS) e motoras primarias (MI) tendo como score 94,4-98,4% para SS, 1,6-5,6% para M1 e 0% para M2. Durante o ensaio de simulação dos movimentos também foram detectados dipolos em SS 61,1-68,8%, M1 2,6-9,3% e M2 28,6-29,6%. Estes dados evidenciam a hipótese de que as áreas M2 são ativadas durante a simulação dos movimentos das mãos. Este estudo sugere o desenvolvimento de um teste diagnóstico para pacientes com deficites motores, que avalie a rede somatomotora com interesse específico nas áreas M2.PA L AV R A S -C H AVE: áreas motoras secundárias, áreas somato-sensoriais, áreas motoras, magnetencefalografia (MEG), simulação interna do movimento.Motor Imagery or Imagined Movements (IM) have been defined as conscious mental rehearsal of a motor act without perf o rming any overt movement and implies that the subject feels himself executing a given action 1 . Execution and internal simulation of movements seem to follow the same temporal characteristics and use the same neural re p re s e n t a t i o n s 2 . S t udies using diff e rent neuroimaging techniques to characterize IM have revealed activation of a number of cortical motor areas [3][4][5][6] shown also by Magnetoencephalograpy (MEG) 7 , 8 . MEG provides high spatial and temporal re s o l u t i o n 9 allowing characterizing with precision the temporal sequence of different motor a reas activated during IM. Based on a previous MEG p rotocol to evaluate motor and somatosensory function simultaneously 1 0 , the aim of the present study is to det...

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“…M2 activity was re c o rded during IM trials (50-100 ms), but not during somatosensory trials. The M2 activity during IM trials is consistent with previous studies [3][4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

Amo

Criado

Otis

2006

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…The MI-induced lateralization effect was smaller compared with that evoked by passive movement with MI. This is concurrent with several studies that demonstrated that MI induced changes in brain activity are less pronounced than those induced by motor execution (27,28). Furthermore, the lateralization effect is unique to MI as passive movement does not evoke it.…”

Section: A B C D E F Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Cortical lateralization in stroke patients measured by event-related potentials during motor imagery

Gong

Zhang

Shan

2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Stroke is a leading cause of impairment and disability worldwide, and motor imagery (MI) has been used in stroke rehabilitation. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to study MI. However, the characteristic features of EEG during MI in stroke patients have not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in event-related potentials (ERPs) during MI between healthy controls and stroke patients. This study included nine stroke patients and nine healthy age-matched controls, who performed tasks involving MI, passive movement without MI and passive movement with MI. One hundred and twenty-eight channel ERPs were recorded to capture cerebral activation. Electrodes E44 and E120 (corresponding to the inferior precentral area) were selected to analyze the lateralization effects of ERPs. Lateralization was calculated as the ratio of the potential at 500 ms at electrode E120 to that at electrode E44. In the controls, the different ERPs exhibited differential direction between the 0-300 and the 300-700 ms interval. ERPs were evoked by passive movement with MI and MI alone, but not passive movement without MI. In addition, a lateralization effect in control patients as shown by the observation that the lateralization ratio in passive movement with MI and MI alone was significantly different from that in passive movement without MI (P<0.05). The amplitudes of the different ERPs were significantly smaller in stroke patients compared with those in the controls (P<0.05). The lateralization ratio in the stroke patients was opposite and significantly different from that of the controls (P<0.05). The results suggested that the MI-induced lateralization effect in ERPs may be used as a measure for evaluating the MI impairment and recovery in stroke patients.

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“…Such internal movement simulations of parts of the body involve similar neural mechanisms as those activated when planning and executing overt movements (Johnson et al 2001). More specifically, motor areas have been found to be activated during mental body transformation tasks (Kosslyn et al 1998;Lang et al 1996;Wolbert et al 2003). Thus Jeannerod (1994Jeannerod ( , 1995 proposed that such motor imagery tasks reflect the conscious experience of an inhibited premotor plan, which would be non-conscious if it were normally executed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

Overney

Blanke

2008

Brain Topogr

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The brain processes associated with mental imagery have long been a matter of debate. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have yielded diverging evidence of mental transformation activating the right hemisphere, the left hemisphere, or both. Here, using a mirror/normal discrimination task with rotated body parts (BPs) and external objects (EOs), we describe the case of a patient who developed a selective deficit in mental imagery of such BPs due to left posterior parietal brain damage. In addition, the patient's deficit predominated for pictures of right arms (i.e., arms corresponding to the patient's imagined contralesional arm) and was further characterised by an inability to distinguish between anatomically possible and impossible arm positions. This neuropsychological deficit was corroborated by neuroimaging evidence revealing the absence of activation in the left parietal lobe for the mental rotation of body parts as shown in healthy participants. In contrast, his behavioural performance and brain activation for EOs were similar to those of healthy participants. These data suggest that mental imagery of BPs and EOs relies on different cognitive and neural mechanisms and indicate that the left posterior parietal lobe is a necessary structure for mental transformations of human BPs.

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Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

Cortical lateralization in stroke patients measured by event-related potentials during motor imagery

Impaired Imagery for Upper Limbs

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