Electric Analysis of the Romberg Test

Henriksson, N. G.; Johansson, Gerd; Olsson, Lena; Östlund, Hanna

doi:10.3109/00016486709123592

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Posturography has been used to evaluate the effect of vision system on balance. For example, comparing the area of body-sway between conditions with open eyes and closed eyes, the sway area of the normal subjects was two to three times larger for closed eyes than for open eyes [9]. However, a previous study suggested that the subjects with binocular vision and stereopsis had only subject-dependent benefit out of binocular viewing in postural stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Influences of monocular and binocular vision on postural stability

Lee

2015

VES

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To compare the influences of monocular vision versus binocular vision on postural control, twenty-seven otherwise healthy adults, aged from 19 to 38 years, with corrected visual acuity of better than or equal to 20/20, were recruited. Body sway for standing 30 seconds on a force platform in 3 conditions was recorded for each participant: one with both eyes open (BEO), one with left eye open (LEO) and the other with both eyes closed (BEC). Postural stability was subsequently evaluated by measuring the total track length (TL) and surface area (SA) of center of pressure of body sway. The results show that the values of TL and SA of BEC were significantly greater than those of LEO and BEO. Moreover, the values of TL and SA of BEO were significantly smaller than those of LEO (p < 0.05, one-way repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc of Fisher's LSD procedure). The Romberg coefficient of LEO was also significantly greater than that of BEO (p < 0.05, paired sample t-test). We concluded that optimal binocular vision provides more information for keeping balance than monocular vision according to the results revealed in our study. Assessment of visual acuity is recommended before doing a posturographic test in the clinical setting. However, the long-term impact of blindness on controlling posture is uncertain and needs further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Influences of monocular and binocular vision on postural stability

Lee

2015

VES

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“…The importance of vision is studied via the Romberg test: numerous studies compared postural stability of adults with eyes open versus closed [1], [2], [3]; in such a test the surface of body sway was reported to be 2 to 3 times more with eyes closed than with eyes open.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit of Bi-Ocular Visual Stimulation for Postural Control in Children with Strabismus

Gaertner

Creux²,

Espinasse-Berrod³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Vision is important for postural control as is shown by the Romberg quotient (RQ): with eyes closed, postural instability increases relative to eyes open (RQ = 2). Yet while fixating at far distance, postural stability is similar with eyes open and eyes closed (RQ = 1). Postural stability can be better with both eyes viewing than one eye, but such effect is not consistent among healthy subjects. The first goal of the study is to test the RQ as a function of distance for children with convergent versus divergent strabismus. The second goal is to test whether vision from two eyes relative to vision from one eye provides better postural stability. Thirteen children with divergent strabismus and eleven with convergent strabismus participated in this study. Posturtography was done with the Techno concept device. Experiment 1, four conditions: fixation at 40 cm and at 200 cm both with eyes open and eyes covered (evaluation of RQ). Experiment 2, six conditions: fixation at 40 cm and at 200 cm, with both eyes viewing or under monocular vision (dominant and non-dominant eye). For convergent strabismus, the groups mean value of RQ was 1.3 at near and 0.94 at far distance; for divergent, it was 1.06 at near and 1.68 at far. For all children, the surface of body sway was significantly smaller under both eyes viewing than monocular viewing (either eye). Increased RQ value at near for convergent and at far for divergent strabismus is attributed to the influence of the default strabismus angle and to better use of ocular motor signals. Vision with the two eyes improves postural control for both viewing distances and for both types of strabismus. Such benefit can be due to complementary mechanisms: larger visual field, better quality of fixation and vergence angle due to the use of visual inputs from both eyes.

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“…The most traditional experiment demonstrating the role of visual information in physical balance entailed comparison with eyes-open and closed. Several studies showed that when the visual information was completely blocked, the sway of the static posture increased by 20-70% (Lord, 1991;Isotalo et al, 2004;Henriksson et al, 1966). As shown in Figure 2, this study used Tetrax biofeedback system to re-establish the role and importance of visual information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Peer Review #3 of "Effect of induced hyperopia on fall risk and Fourier transformation of postural sway (v0.1)"

2019

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Background and Purpose: Fall accidents are a social challenge in Korea and elsewhere. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of reduced visual acuity due to myopia on falls and body balance. The objective of this study was to investigate whether uncorrected hyperopi a was a major risk factor for falls and to establish whether the risk of falls was absolutely correlated with visual acuity. Methods: Fifty-one young subjects with a mean age of 22.75 ± 2.13 years were enrolled in this study. To induce hyperopic and myopic refractive errors, spherical lenses of ±1.0 ~ 6.0 D (1.0 D stepwise) were used. Under each induced condition, fall risk index and sway power were assessed via Fourier transformation of p ostural s way using a TETRAX system. Results: The fall risk index for eyes-closed was significantly greater than that of eyes-open with full correction (t =-5.876, p < 0.05). The fall risk index increased significantly from hyperopia induced with-4.0 D lenses (with visual acuity of 0.69 ± 0.32) compared to eye s-open with full correction (F = 3.213, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in the induced myopia conditions, despite a drastic decline in decimal visual acuity. Sway power increased significantly in the low-to-medium frequency band derived from the peripheral vestibular system when hyperopia was induced. A significant difference was detected in hyperopia induced with-6.0 D lenses compared to eye s-open with full correction (F = 4.981, p = 0.017). Conclusion: An uncorrected hyperop ia rather than myop ia may increase the risk of falls, although eyes may show normal visual acuity due to the inherent accommodation mechanism. Our findings suggest that the corrected state of refractive errors is more important than the level of visual acuity as the criteria for appropriate visual input, which contributes to stable postur e. Therefore, clinicians should consider the refractive condition , especially the characteristics of hyperopia, when analyzing body balance, and appropriate correction of uncorrected hyperopia to prevent falls.

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Electric Analysis of the Romberg Test

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of monocular and binocular vision on postural stability

Influences of monocular and binocular vision on postural stability

Benefit of Bi-Ocular Visual Stimulation for Postural Control in Children with Strabismus

Peer Review #3 of "Effect of induced hyperopia on fall risk and Fourier transformation of postural sway (v0.1)"

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