rown-Sequard (1860) pointed out that thermic stimulation of the vestibular Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only. Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcgill University on 02/08/15 For personal use only.
The peak velocities of saccades and fast phases of nystagmus were examined and compared in 20 healthy subjects. The peak velocities of both types of eye movements increased with increase of amplitudes. The saccades were found to be fastest in light, slower in darkness and slowest behind closed eyelids. The peak velocities of the quick phases of optokinetic and of vestibular nystagmus were found to be the same. Fast phases of optovestibular (optic as well as vestibular stimulation) nystagmus produced significantly higher peak velocities than the two others. At the same amplitude and during the same visual conditions the saccades were significantly faster than any type of fast components of nystagmus. The difference in velocity between voluntary and reflexive eye movements is possibly related to differences in antagonistic activity during these eye movements, but also to specific synaptic events during the voluntary action.
In patients consulting otologists for vertigo a functional source can be expected in 50% of the patients and more frequently among young females than among older male subjects. Functional vertigo is frequently perceived as a turning sensation inside the head, functional dizziness frequently as a rocking sensation of the whole body, while patients with vertigo of somatic origin frequently seem to complain of a spinning sensation outside the head. The duration pattern of functional vertigo is frequently of a fluctuating or continuous type, while in the nonfunctional subjects it is of 2-5 hr. duration. In patients with vertigo of functional origin eye-closure tends to release rather than inhibit nystagmus.
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