Elderly women in northern New England exhibit seasonal changes in bone mineral density and calciotropic hormones

Rosen, Clifford J.; Morrison, Anthony D.; Zhou, Hong; Storm, Deborah S.; Hunter, Susan; Musgrave, Katherine; Chen, Thomas; Wenwei,; Holick, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80250-4

Cited by 126 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results of the present study support this concept and suggest that the longterm presence of IGF-I is important for skeletal integrity. Our findings contrast with several attempts that failed to correlate baseline IGF-I, as an integrated measure of growth hormone secretion, with bone density [42,43]. In a crosssectional study involving 57 normal women aged 30-90 (17 of whom were older than 70), Bennett et al [42] found no evidence for an effect of serum IGF-I on lumbar bone density.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…In a crosssectional study involving 57 normal women aged 30-90 (17 of whom were older than 70), Bennett et al [42] found no evidence for an effect of serum IGF-I on lumbar bone density. Similarly, in 18 healthy women aged over 65 and followed over 24 months, changes in spinal and femoral BMD were not related to circulating IGF-I at any point in time [43]. On the other hand, significant age-adjusted correlations between IGF-I and BMD were documented by Romagnoli et al [44] in a study involving 67 perimenopausal women aged 45-55.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Factors Associated with Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss as Quantified by Peripheral Computed Tomography (pQCT) at the Ultradistal Radius in Aging Women

et al. 1997

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Abstract. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) allows the separate determination of cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in the peripheral skeleton. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the effects of healthy aging on pQCT measurements at the ultradistal radius. In a well-defined sample of 129 community-based women, aged 70-87 years, the differences in cortical and trabecular density over the age range were equivalent to losses of −0.41% and −0.65% per year, respectively. To investigate the mechanism of this agerelated decline, we assessed relationships between both parameters and height, weight, body mass index, dietary calcium intake, grip strength, and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), calcidiol (25(OH)D 3 ), calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Multiple regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Age was not significant after controlling for other covariables. Body mass index, grip strength, serum IGF-I, 25(OH)D 3 , and PTH (1-84) were found to be independent predictors of total bone density. Including (total or free) 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 did not improve the model precision. These findings provide evidence that, among other factors, the activity of the growth hormone-IGF-I-axis is of importance for skeletal integrity. Grip strength, serum IGF-I, and PTH (1-84) were discovered to be significantly related to cortical but not to trabecular density, suggesting that different mechanisms may be involved in compact and cancellous bone loss.Key words: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) -Age-related bone loss -Growth hormone -IGF-I.Low bone mass, as estimated by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), is an established predictor of osteoporotic fractures. Although fracture prediction by bone density is partially site-dependent [1], numerous reports have shown that fractures at all skeletal sites are significantly related to low bone mass at the distal forearm [2][3][4][5]. In all of these studies, BMD was assessed with single-photon absorptiometry. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has been proposed as an adjunct to conventional densitometry [6,7]. BMD determination with pQCT at the site of the distal radius is a method of high precision and low radiation [8]. In addition, pQCT is the only noninvasive assessment of bone mineral to measure a true-dimensional density (as opposed to an areal density by standard methods) and to allow separate determination of cortical and trabecular bone density [9].Studies have indicated that bone loss in elderly women shows no evidence for an age-related leveling off [10][11][12][13]. Even at advanced ages, interventions to preserve or to enhance bone mass may therefore be an effective approach to prevention of fractures. However, the mechanisms leading to age-related bone loss remain poorly defined. Moreover, whether cortical and trabecular bone losses are mediated by differential mechanisms is virtually unknown. In the pres...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Factors Associated with Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss as Quantified by Peripheral Computed Tomography (pQCT) at the Ultradistal Radius in Aging Women

et al. 1997

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“…Normal serum levels range from 10 to 55 ng/mL according to commercial kits, although these values do not discriminate properly which levels represent deficiency or insufficiency. In elderly subjects these levels should be at least 20 ng/mL as suggested by one study (4). There is no consensus on the ideal serum concentration of 25-OHD and there are many suggested values for setting the lower limit of normality from 20 to as much 37 ng/mL (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Serum Vitamin D Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency: a global perspective

Bandeira

Griz

Dreyer

et al. 2006

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

137

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Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of good health. Its sources can be skin production and diet intake. Most humans depend on sunlight exposure (UVB 290-315 nm) to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by the skin, leading to transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, all influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D3. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes rickets among children but also precipitates and exacerbates osteoporosis among adults and causes the painful bone disease osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for other morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer, especially of the colon and prostate. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is considerable even in low latitudes and should be taken into account in the evaluation of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis. Although severe vitamin D deficiency leading to rickets or osteomalacia is rare in Brazil, there is accumulating evidence of the frequent occurrence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency, especially in elderly people. RESUMO Deficiência de Vitamina D: Uma Perspectiva Global.A vitamina D é essencial para a manutenção da saúde. A sua fonte principal é a pele ou pode ser ingerida com a dieta. A maioria dos seres humanos depende da exposição solar para adquirir quantidades suficientes de vitamina D. A radiação ultravioleta tipo B transforma o 7-dehidrocolesterol em vitamina D3 (colecalciferol). A época do ano, latitude, pigmentação da pele, idade e uso de filtros solares são fatores que influenciam a produção cutânea. Deficiência de vitamina D pode causar raquitismo e osteomalacia, exacerbar a perda óssea na osteoporose, como também pode associar-se a várias morbidades como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e 2, câncer de prós-tata e de intestino grosso. A prevalência de hipovitaminose D tem sido relatada com grande freqüência mesmo em regiões de baixa latitude e deve ser considerada na avaliação da osteoporose. Embora a deficiência severa levando a osteomalacia possa ser vista raramente no Brasil, evidências se acumulam da freqüente ocorrência de deficiência subclínica, especialmente em idosos.

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“…Seasonal changes in bone mass and biochemical markers in elderly women have been reported (Rosen et al, 1994). In a 24-month study in northern New England, significant seasonal changes in BMD, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were seen; the greatest decline in measureable bone mass being in winter.…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study found these markers useful for differentiation of changes induced by lactation, glucocorticoid treatment and ovariectomy (Atley, 1996). Like the data from measurements of bone mass (Rosen et al, 1994) the interpretation of biochemical markers of bone turnover continue to be complicated by circadian and seasonal fluctuations (Blumsohn and Eastell, 1992). The diurnal patterns in markers of bone turnover in sheep, closely resemble those in humans, with turnover activity elevated late at night or early morning (O'Connell, 1999).…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

2001

eCM

240

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There is a great need to further characterise the available animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis, for the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, investigation of new therapies (e.g. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)) and evaluation of prosthetic devices in osteoporotic bone. Animal models that have been used in the past include non-human primates, dogs, cats, rodents, rabbits, guinea pigs and minipigs, all of which have advantages and disadvantages. Sheep are a promising model for various reasons: they are docile, easy to handle and house, relatively inexpensive, available in large numbers, spontaneously ovulate, and the sheep's bones are large enough to evaluate orthopaedic implants. Most animal models have used females and osteoporosis in the male has been largely ignored. Recently, interest in development of appropriate prosthetic devices which would stimulate osseointegration into osteoporotic, appendicular, axial and mandibular bone has intensified. Augmentation of osteopenic lumbar vertebrae with bioactive ceramics (vertebroplasty) is another area that will require testing in the appropriate animal model. Using experimental animal models for the study of these different facets of osteoporosis minimizes some of the difficulties associated with studying the disease in humans, namely time and behavioral variability among test subjects. New experimental drug therapies and orthopaedic implants can potentially be tested on large numbers of animals subjected to a level of experimental control impossible in human clinical research.

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Elderly women in northern New England exhibit seasonal changes in bone mineral density and calciotropic hormones

Cited by 126 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Associated with Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss as Quantified by Peripheral Computed Tomography (pQCT) at the Ultradistal Radius in Aging Women

Factors Associated with Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss as Quantified by Peripheral Computed Tomography (pQCT) at the Ultradistal Radius in Aging Women

Vitamin D deficiency: a global perspective

Animal models of osteoporosis - necessity and limitations

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