Elastomeric silicone substrates for terahertz fishnet metamaterials

Khodasevych, Iryna; Shah, Charan M.; Sriram, Sharath; Bhaskaran, Madhu; Withayachumnankul, Withawat; Ung, Benjamin S.-Y.; Lin, Hungyen; Rowe, Wayne S. T.; Abbott, Derek; Mitchell, Arnan

doi:10.1063/1.3665180

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The fabrication process used involved standard photolithography on cured PDMS on silicon. 6,7 Uniaxial strain was applied along the length of the gold-PDMS resistors, again identical in manner to the tests performed on the ITO-PDMS resistors. The results show the limited strain durability of these resistors as they experience dramatic increase in resistance for strains above 4.7% ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Transmission Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These applications represent the building blocks of future flexible and transparent device technology incorporating complex circuitry and functionality. In integrating all the applications together to realise powerful and practical technology that is fully transparent, flexible and functional, two major challenges need to be overcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

et al. 2013

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Fully transparent and flexible electronic substrates that incorporate functional materials are the precursors to realising nextgeneration devices with sensing, self-powering and portable functionalities. Here, we demonstrate a universal process for transferring planar, transparent functional oxide thin films on to elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. This process overcomes the challenge of incorporating high-temperature-processed crystalline oxide materials with low-temperature organic substrates. The functionality of the process is demonstrated using indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films to realise fully transparent and flexible resistors. The ITO thin films on PDMS are shown to withstand uniaxial strains of 15%, enabled by microstructure tectonics. Furthermore, zinc oxide was transferred to display the versatility of this transfer process. Such a ubiquitous process for the transfer of functional thin films to elastomeric substrates will pave the way for touch sensing and energy harvesting for displays and electronics with flexible and transparent characteristics. INTRODUCTIONNovel micro-and nano-technology applications encompassing plasmonic devices, field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, sensor networks, electromagnetic components, terahertz metamaterials, energy harvesters and displays are increasingly demonstrated on flexible substrates. 1-7 These applications represent the building blocks of future flexible and transparent device technology incorporating complex circuitry and functionality. In integrating all the applications together to realise powerful and practical technology that is fully transparent, flexible and functional, two major challenges need to be overcome.First, the flexible substrate should ideally be transparent and colourless. A variety of colourless materials such as polyethylene 8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 1 and coloured materials such as polyimide (or Kapton) 9 are widely used. The former can withstand only low processing temperatures (o100 1C), while the yellow-brown tinted polyimide can withstand up to B400 1C. The relevance of colourless substrates to flexible device technology is highlighted by the recent research focus on this area. 10,11 Second, functional oxide materials that offer tailored properties need to be integrated. These functional oxides in the form of thin films can be transparent conductive oxides for electrical conduction, ferroelectrics for memories, piezoelectrics for energy harvesting, 12 and semiconductors or dielectrics for high-performance transistors. Almost

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Section: Transmission Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…These metamaterials consist of planar arrays of I-shaped resonant elements deposited on a thin PDMS film, which is a flexible polymer with excellent mechanical durability, yet low loss at terahertz frequencies. 17 By utilizing an interdigitated gap structure in the field confinement area of the resonators, a higher Q factor and hence an improved sensitivity can be achieved. The experiments demonstrate the continuous tunability of the structures under an applied uniaxial stretching force.…”

Section: Mechanically Tunable Terahertz Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Conformal deformation of flexible terahertz metamaterials has been demonstrated with some reports showing that wrapping these materials onto cylinders with different radii can adjust their resonance frequencies, 18,19 while another reports shows that wrinkling a rigid metamaterial on a soft backing layer surface can influence the response. 20 However, the ability to realize such structures on elastic substrates presents further opportunities for tuning via mechanical stretching and compression.…”

Section: Mechanically Tunable Terahertz Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically tunable terahertz metamaterials

Li¹,

Shah²,

Withayachumnankul³

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

148

107

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Electromagnetic device design and flexible electronics fabrication are combined to demonstrate mechanically tunable metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies. Each metamaterial comprises a planar array of resonators on a highly elastic polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The resonance of the metamaterials is controllable through substrate deformation. Applying a stretching force to the substrate changes the inter-cell capacitance and hence the resonance frequency of the resonators. In the experiment, greater than 8% of the tuning range is achieved with good repeatability over several stretching-relaxing cycles. This study promises applications in remote strain sensing and other controllable metamaterial-based devices.

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“…The quartz permittivity was taken to be 3.8 [9], and so in regions I and III where the superstrate was air, ε eff was approximately 2.4. The permittivity of PDMS was taken to be 2.35 [10], resulting in an ε eff for region II of approximately 3.3.…”

Section: Spectroscopy In Overlaid Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of planar Goubau line - microfluidic integrated devices for THz spectroscopy of liquid analytes

Swithenbank

Russell

Burnett

et al. 2015

IET Colloquium on Millimetre-Wave and Terahertz Engineering &Amp; Technology 2015

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We demonstrate the integration of planar Goubau lines with microfluidic systems for the measurement of liquid samples including water and isopropanol. Picosecond pulses are generated and detected by the inclusion of low-temperaturegrown GaAs based photoconductive switches which transmit picosecond pulses along the transmission line. A change in the propagation velocity of pulses is detected and is used to estimate the permittivity of each liquid.

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Elastomeric silicone substrates for terahertz fishnet metamaterials

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

Transparent functional oxide stretchable electronics: micro-tectonics enabled high strain electrodes

Mechanically tunable terahertz metamaterials

Development of planar Goubau line - microfluidic integrated devices for THz spectroscopy of liquid analytes

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