Elastin and Mechanoreceptor Mechanisms with Special Reference to the Mammalian Carotid Sinus

Kimani, James Kirumbi

doi:10.1002/9780470514771.ch12

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interactions between collagen fibres and nerves typify many vertebrate mechanosensors. For example, in the carotid baroreceptor, nerve terminals in the tunica adventitia are surrounded by bundles of collagen that terminate on the membranes of neurons or the surface of elastin fibres (Kimani, ). In the Golgi tendon organ, myelinated nerve fibres spiral around collagen strands to form a stretch receptor that signals force developed by the muscle (Desaki, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New details of the neural architecture of the salmonid adipose fin

2016

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adipose fin of salmonids, once widely regarded as vestigial and lacking in function, was shown to be important to swimming efficiency in juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta. Examination with confocal microscopy of adipose fins of S. trutta stained with various antibodies targeting the nervous system revealed several large nerves entering the fin and anastomosing throughout its length. The branching nerves form a plexus with specific patterns of fine terminal branches in the leading and trailing edges. A network of astrocyte-like cells (ALCs) that is linked through cell processes to nerves and structural collagen reacted positively with antibodies to glial cells. No other fish fins, including other adipose fins, have been shown to exhibit this type of neural architecture. Many vertebrate mechanoreceptors rely on collagen deformation to stimulate responses in afferent nerves; similarly, the adipose fin also may function as a mechanosensor, where passive mechanical deflection by water currents stimulates afferent nerves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New details of the neural architecture of the salmonid adipose fin

2016

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Influence Of Arterial Vascular Wall On Arterial Baroreceptor Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of the influence of axial and circumferential strains in the arterial baroreceptor sensitivity, alteration of the arterial vascular wall deforms the baroreceptor terminals [41,57,58]. This process is completed by vascular wall components comprising smooth muscle, elastin, and collagen in the tunica adventitia and the media-adventitia border of the aortic arch and carotid sinus [41,57,58]. Much evidence has demonstrated that the aortic and carotid baroreceptor areas are specialized, having more elastin and less smooth muscle in the tunica media than other areas of the arterial wall [35,41,[57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Influence Of Arterial Vascular Wall On Arterial Baroreceptor Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is completed by vascular wall components comprising smooth muscle, elastin, and collagen in the tunica adventitia and the media-adventitia border of the aortic arch and carotid sinus [41,57,58]. Much evidence has demonstrated that the aortic and carotid baroreceptor areas are specialized, having more elastin and less smooth muscle in the tunica media than other areas of the arterial wall [35,41,[57][58][59][60]. In the tunica media of the baroreceptor areas, the high levels of elastin make the vasculature easily distensible in response to changes in intraluminal pressure [57].…”

Section: Influence Of Arterial Vascular Wall On Arterial Baroreceptor Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Arterial Baroreceptor Remodeling in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

Zhang

2018

Neurosci. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical trials and animal experimental studies have demonstrated an association of arterial baroreflex impairment with the prognosis and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. As a primary part of the arterial baroreflex arc, the pressure sensitivity of arterial baroreceptors is blunted and involved in arterial baroreflex dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Changes in the arterial vascular walls, mechanosensitive ion channels, and voltage-gated ion channels contribute to the attenuation of arterial baroreceptor sensitivity. Some endogenous substances (such as angiotensin II and superoxide anion) can modulate these morphological and functional alterations through intracellular signaling pathways in impaired arterial baroreceptors. Arterial baroreceptors can be considered as a potential therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

show abstract

“…Maintenance of ECV is imperative for adequate tissue perfusion and normal cellular function, as well as removal of waste products. ECV is monitored by baroreceptors that detect changes in vascular volume or pressure, and are located in the cardiopulmonary circulation, the carotid sinuses, aortic arch, and the afferent glomerular arterioles in the kidney . Detection of a drop in ECV by the baroreceptors results in increased sympathetic tone and activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) .…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyponatremia in dogs and cats

Burton

Hopper

2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment recommendations for hyponatremia in dogs and cats. Etiology: Hyponatremia almost always results from an increase in total body water (TBW), and not from loss of sodium. Abnormalities in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are commonly part of the etiology of hyponatremia. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of hyponatremia focuses on the cause of the increase of TBW. Assessment of the patient's volume status and measurement of urine sodium concentration are important factors. Measurement or calculated estimation of plasma osmolality can also guide the assessment of hyponatremia.Therapy: Too rapid correction of serum sodium can precipitate osmotic demyelination syndrome.As a general rule, serum sodium concentration should be raised ≤10 mmol/L over 24 hours, but rapid increases in serum sodium are indicated if neurologic abnormalities are evident. Serum sodium can be increased using hypertonic saline, with dosing based on the patient's calculated sodium deficit. Treatment of the underlying cause of water ingestion or retention is also required to fully resolve hyponatremia. Prognosis:Mortality rates are significantly higher in dogs and cats with hyponatremia compared to those with normal serum sodium concentrations, even in patients with mild hypontremia (<5 mmol/L below the lower value of the reference interval). Hyponatremia is also associated with increased risk of death if present during specific disease states in dogs. K E Y W O R D Santidiuretic hormone, electrolyte, osmolality, sodium

show abstract

Elastin and Mechanoreceptor Mechanisms with Special Reference to the Mammalian Carotid Sinus

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

New details of the neural architecture of the salmonid adipose fin

New details of the neural architecture of the salmonid adipose fin

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Arterial Baroreceptor Remodeling in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

Hyponatremia in dogs and cats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About