Elastic deformation of compact bone

Bonfield, W.; Clark, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00754894

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Experimental data in recent (Dayton et al, 1997) and previous (Currey, 1969(Currey, , 1975(Currey, , 1988Vose, 1962;Vose and Kubala, 1959;Bonfield and Clark, 1973) studies demonstrate that the mineral content, porosity, and microstructural variations reported in this study are of sufficient magnitude to affect mechanical properties. Important changes in mechanical properties of cortical bone will occur when ash content differences reach approximately 3 to 4% (Currey, 1969(Currey, , 1984aSkedros et al, 1994a).…”

Section: Circumferential Lamellae In Compression and Tension Corticessupporting

confidence: 59%

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Skedros¹,

Su²,

Bloebaum³

1997

Anat. Rec.

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Background: Artiodactyl and perissodactyl calcanei have been recently introduced as models for examining bone for mechanically mediated adaptation. We have reported substantial regional variations in cortical bone microstructure and mineral content within the same cross-section of mule deer calcanei. In part, these variations may be adaptations accommodating the customary presence of predominantly tension, compression , and shear strain modes in mutually exclusive cortical locations. Calcanei from skeletally mature horses, elk, and sheep were examined in order to corroborate these previous findings. Methods: From each species, one calcaneus was obtained from each of 13 animals. Each bone was cut transversely near mid-shaft into two segments and examined for mineral (ash) content. From each species, an additional segment obtained from each of 7 of the original 13 bones was examined for microstructure using 50 backscattered electron images. Regions examined included the compression (cranial), tension (caudal), and medial and lateral (shear) cortices. Periosteal (P), middle (M), and endosteal (E) regions were also examined separately within the compression and tension cortices. Quantified microstructural parameters included: (1) secondary osteon population density (OPD), (2) fractional area of secondary bone (FASB), (3) porosity, (4) population density of new remodeling events (NRE resorption spaces and newly forming secondary osteons), and (5) secondary osteon diameter and minimum-to-maximum chord ratio. Results: Results in each species showed variations that are considered to be mechanically important and are similar to those reported in mule deer calcanei. Mineral content data suggest that remodeling activity in the compression, medial, and lateral cortices was occurring at a slower rate than remodeling in the tension cortex. In comparison to the tension cortices, the compression cortices have approximately 6.0% higher mineral content (P F 0.007) and 35% higher OPD (P F 0.01). Additionally, the compression cortices have more nearly perfectly round osteons and lower FASB, porosity, NRE, and osteon diameter (P F 0.05; except for FASB in horse where P 0.087 and NRE in sheep where P 0.520). However, patterns of microstructural variations between intracortical regions (P, M, E) are inconsistent when compared to data reported in mule deer calcanei. Microstructural characteristics between the medial and lateral cortices were similar although some significant differences were identified. In general, the microstructure of the medial and lateral cortices differ from the neighboring compression and tension cortices. Conclusions: Differences in mineral content and microstructure between opposing compression and tension cortices of these three species resemble differences previously reported in mule deer calcanei. The majority of the microstructural variations can be explained in the context

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Section: Circumferential Lamellae In Compression and Tension Corticessupporting

confidence: 59%

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Skedros¹,

Su²,

Bloebaum³

1997

Anat. Rec.

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“…However, other limb bones also fall between these two values, indicating a mechanical similarity. Others researchers have investigated modified composite models to predict the elastic modulus of bone and have found that the mineral orientation, shape of the mineral [63], presence of lamellae [63], collagen fiber orientation [50,65,66], porosity [50,65,66], mineralization [50,65,66], osteon orientation [67] and fraction of secondary osteons [66,68] affect the mechanical properties. All of these cause deviations from the Voight and Reuss models.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the antler is considered to be a composite of collagen (E = 1.3 GPa [63]) and hydroxylapatite (E = 114 GPa [64]), using the Voight model,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)

2009

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“…189 Small increases in mineralization lead to relatively large increases in the strength of bone, although levels ~.66% mineralization have been shown to lead to brittleness and a reduction in bone strength. 190 Hypermineralization and hypomineralization are deviations that occur within the mineral content of fully mineralized bone. Only a pathologically altered organic matrix and/or abnormalities in crystal size and shape can lead to a hypermineralization, a mineralization density exceeding that of fully mineralized normal bone matrix.…”

Section: Demineralization (Hyper-and Hypomineralization)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

Neel¹,

Aljabo²,

Strange³

et al. 2016

IJN

506

232

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Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Understanding the process of mineral deposition is important for the development of treatments for mineralization-related diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. This review provides a thorough overview of the up-to-date information on the theories describing the possible mechanisms and the factors implicated as agonists and antagonists of mineralization. Then, the role of calcium and phosphate ions in the maintenance of teeth and bone health is described. Throughout the life, teeth and bone are at risk of demineralization, with particular emphasis on teeth, due to their anatomical arrangement and location. Teeth are exposed to food, drink, and the microbiota of the mouth; therefore, they have developed a high resistance to localized demineralization that is unmatched by bone. The mechanisms by which demineralization–remineralization process occurs in both teeth and bone and the new therapies/technologies that reverse demineralization or boost remineralization are also scrupulously discussed. Technologies discussed include composites with nano- and micron-sized inorganic minerals that can mimic mechanical properties of the tooth and bone in addition to promoting more natural repair of surrounding tissues. Turning these new technologies to products and practices would improve health care worldwide.

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Elastic deformation of compact bone

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)

Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

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Elastic deformation of compact bone

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)

Demineralization&ndash;remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone

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Demineralization–remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone